CONTENTSIssue 1, 2021Criminal Prevention of Endangering Public Health Behavior:Focus on The Amendment XI to the Criminal Law ................................................................FENG Jun 1On the Legalization of Social Governance and Its Evaluation Standards ............................ ZHANG Demiao 15The Shortcomings of Rule of Law in Social Governance and The Overcome:Taking the social “Anti-Epidemic” as an Example ........................................................... YANG Jiejun 26Double Legal Liability for Civil Servants Breaking the Law:A Comparation of the Civil Servants’ Legal Systems Across the Strait ... XIAO Zecheng, WEI Keshun 33Research on Juristic Interpretation and Implementation Example of the Central’s Overall Governance .......................................................................................XU Chang 44Summary of the Academic Seminar on the Policy Address for the Fiscal Year 202 ...................................... 51An Empirical Research on the “Appearance” of the PRC Constitutionin the Judgements of the Courts in the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR ...................LIU Mengni 6Britain’s Unconstitutional Review inside the Principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty .............GAN Jianhua 82A Study of Extraterritorial Application of the “Mandatory Rule”in the Private International Law ..................................................................................... HAO Zhaoliang 9A Study on the Questions Activeness of the Members of Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR and Its Related Factors.........................................TANG Chunlin, ZHANG Jinghua 107A Review of the Study on the Coordination of Rule of Administrative Lawamong Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao ................................................................FENG Zehua 117Future of Mainland-Hong Kong Cross-Border Insolvency Judicial Assistance ............................................................... XIE Xiaodan, WANG Qianhua 130Marriage Registration System in Mainland China:Origin, Dilemma and Countermeasures ........................................................................ YANG Tiezheng 143Mediation Mechanism in Investment Dispute Settlement: Functions, Cases and Trends ............SU Weikang 152Debating the Legitimacy of Macao’s Special Stamp Duty .....................................................VONG Chi Hou 16800-4 _47.indd 1 2021/5/10 03:46:34
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211*1 114 1151 330 Criminal Prevention of Endangering Public Health Behavior:Focus on The Amendment XI to the Criminal LawFENG Jun(The Research Center of Criminal Jurisprudence, Renmin University of China)Abstract: The criminal norms on prevention and regulation of the acts of impairing public health have gone through the evolution, which is from simple to complex, from vague to clear, and have been relatively perfect; in aspect of amending crime of obstructing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, the Amendment XI to the Criminal Law has the positive signi cance that it has mended punishment loophole, abided by the principle of “nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege” and limited punishment scope; in juridical practice, it’s necessary to accurately distinguish crime of obstructing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases from crime of endangering public security by using dangerous means, only when the carrier of novel coronavirus deliberately avoids e ective prevention measures, enters the gathering place of weak people, such as hospital, nursing homes and so on, is actually close to the weak people in those place, and causes a danger of the spread or the spread of novel coronavirus shall the culprit be convicted and punished by crime of endangering public security by using dangerous means in accordance with the provisions of Article 114 and paragraph 1 of Article 115 of Criminal Law, otherwise the culprit only can be convicted and punished by crime of obstructing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of Article 330 of Criminal Law.Keywords: public health, The Amendment XI to the Criminal Law, prevention and regulation by criminal law, the acts of impairing public health* 2020 11 20 2020 2020 11 20 第47期_5.indd 1 07/05/2021 17:41:46
132020114 115 112330114 115114 115114 1152020114 115 1330References:2020 4 33-49 Jian, T., “Important Issues in Doctrine of Epidemic-related Crime,” Law Science, no. 4, 2020. pp. 33-49.2006 3 77-81 Kang, J. & Li, N., “The Shortage and Amendment on the Crime of Hindering the Prevention and Controlling of Infectious Disease,” Journal o f China University of 第47期_5.indd 13 07/05/2021 17:42:03
2021 114Geosciences (Social Sciences Edition), no. 3, 2006, pp. 77-81.2016 Yang, D., Study on Criminal Law Theory and Legislative Countermeasures in Advanced Medical Field, Beijing: Law Press China, 2016.2019 Liu, J., Criminal Regulations of Medical Behavior, Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2019.2020 3 4-13Ou-Yang, B., “A Doctrinal Analysis of the Objective Elements of the Crime of Obstructing the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases,” Oriental Law, no. 3, 2020, pp. 4-13.第47期_5.indd 14 07/05/2021 17:42:04
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 202115*1 43 On the Legalization of Social Governance and Its Evaluation StandardsZHANG Demiao(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)Abstract: The basic purpose of the rule of law in China’s social governance is to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity and to achieve e ective social governance. The design of evaluation index system of social governance under the rule of law in China should follow the basic value of social governance under the rule of law, combine with the realistic background of rule of law in China’s social governance, overcome the shortage of existing social governance evaluation techniques. This evaluation index system should also balance the objective indicators and subjective indicators, coordinate indicators and result indicatiors, and ensure the operability and timeliness of these indicators. As a result, it is possible to construct an evaluation index system that takes social participation in governance, social order and security, social fairness and justice, and social service security as the rst-level indicatiors, covering more than 43 second-level indicatiors. Among them, social participation in governance is the prerequisite of social governance under the rule of law, social order security and social fairness and justice are the goals, and social service guarantee is a further requirement of government responsibilities. Citizen’s sense of participation, sense of security, sense of fairness and sense of happiness are all subjective evaluation indicatiors that are important to test the objective e ect.Keywords: social governance, rule of law, evaluation of the rule of law, evaluation index system* 2020 11 20 202017afx001 2020 11 12 第47期_5.indd 15 07/05/2021 17:42:04
2021 124References:20143 12-20 Wang, P., “The Inherent Meaning and Interrelationship of State Governance, Government Administration and Social Governance,” Sociological Review of China, no. 3, 2014, pp. 12-20.2014 428-39 Jiang, B. & Wang, H., “Social Governance Relies on the Rule of Law and Its Response,” Law and Social Development, no. 4, 2014, pp. 28-39.2015 3 37-44Zhou, Z., “On the Reasonable Balance of Subjective and Objective Indicators in Government Performance Evaluation,” Administrative Tribune, no. 3, 2015, pp. 37-44.2016 6 96-102 Ji, L., Wang, Q. & Fan, W., “Study on the Evaluation of Government Purchasing Public Services from Social Forces under the View of Social Governance,” Jiangsu Social Sciences, no. 6, 2016, pp. 96-102.2 0 1 2 2 2 - 2 9Yu, K., “China Social Governance Evaluation Index System,” China Governance Review, no. 2, 2012, pp. 2-29.1999 5 Yu, K., “Introduction to Governance and Good Governance,” Marxism & Reality, no. 5, 1999.2009 Yu, K., National Governance Assessment – China and the World, Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press, 2009.GOVERNANCE 1997 1 63-67 Xu, Y., “GOVERNANCE: Explanation of Governance,” CASS Journal of Political Science, no. 1, 1997, pp. 63-67.2016 631-43 Xu, H. & Zhang, X., “The Index System Design and Details of the Legal Construction of Social Governance and Its Evaluation,” Law Science Magazine, no. 6, 2016, pp. 31-43.1995 Collected Works of Marx and Engels, Beijing: People’s Press, 1995.2020 5 4-19 Zhang, W., “Building the Legal Order of a Smart Society,” Oriental Law, no. 5, 2020, pp. 4-19.2004 2 20-24Zhang, K., “The Core Value of Political Civilization and Social Governance System,” Social Sciences in China, no. 2, 2004, pp. 20-24.第47期_5.indd 24 07/05/2021 17:42:11
252019 Zhang, D., Exploration of the Theory and Practice of China’s Rule of Law Evaluation, Wuhan: Hubei People’s Press, 2019.20189 42-47 Zhang, F. & Luo, X., “Study on the Evaluation System of Social Governance in Megacities,” Urban Development Studies, no. 9, 2018, pp. 42-47.2014 5 11-18 Chen, C. & Zhao, X., “Social Governance: A Coordinate Process of Social Action,” Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University, no. 5, 2014, pp. 11-18.2019 1 65-88Chen, B., “The Structure and Operating Mechanisms of a Chinese Society with Rule of Law,” Social Sciences in China, no. 1, 2019, pp. 65-88.2018 2 89-98Peng, I., “Design and Application of Social Governance Evaluation Index System,” Journal of Gansu Administration Institute, no. 2, 2018, pp. 89-98.2019 Liu, Z., The Collected Works of Liu Zehua: The Kingship in China, Tianjin: Tianjin People’s Publishing House, 2019.2019 2 95-99Rao, S., “On the Justi cation of Evaluation of the Rule of Law in Social Governance,” Social Sciences in Heilongjiang, no. 2, 2019, pp. 95-99.第47期_5.indd 25 07/05/2021 17:42:12
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 202126*12020 The Shortcomings of Rule of Law in Social Governance and The Overcome:Taking the Social “Anti-Epidemic” as an ExampleYANG Jiejun(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)Abstract: In the ghting of the Covid-19 epidemic in 2020, the Mainland China has handed over a world-satisfying report, and fully demonstrated the advantages of China’s system of national governance, as well as its governance capabilities. As a part of the national governance system, the social governance has also contributed a lot. However, some shortcomings of the system have also been exposed. The most prominent is that of the rule of law. It is obvious that there is a lack of legal preparation for emergency incidents such as this Covid-19 epidemic. During the process of epidemic prevention and control, a number of measures taken were not according to the rule of law. In this regard, it is necessary to comprehensively promote and deepen the construction of the rule of law in the eld of social governance. Possible measures include the strengthening legal thinking and awareness of the rule of law; the realization of the uni cation of general rule of law and extraordinary rule of law; the enhancement of the following-up and coordination of legislation for the formation of a complete legal norm of social governance system; and the construction of a legal system that integrates regulation and prevention.Keywords: social governance, rule of law, shortcomings of the rule of law* 2020 11 20 20202020 11 18 第47期_5.indd 26 07/05/2021 17:42:12
31References:2020 8 6-8 Yu, J., “The Path to the Construction of a Social Governance Community under Public Health Emergencies: Taking the Prevention and Control of the Covid-19 Epidemic as an Example,” Jiangnan Forum, no. 8, 2020, pp. 6-8.2020 1678-91 Fang, X. & Yan, F., “Research on the Challenges of Digital Social Governance Behind the ‘Health QR Code,’” Frontiers, no. 16, 2020, pp. 78-91.2020 4 138-142 Ran, H., “Research on the Social Governance Mechanism of the Epidemic Prevention and Control in China: An Analysis of the Process of Reponse and Disposal by the Grassroots Government,” Scienti c Socialism, no. 4, 2020, pp. 138-142.2020 4 18-23 Yang, Q., 第47期_5.indd 31 07/05/2021 17:42:15
2021 132“Improvement of Social Governance System in Epidemic Prevention and Control,” Administration and Law, no. 4, 2020, pp. 18-232014 420-25 Dou, Y., “From Social Management to Social Governance: a Major Innovation in Theory and Practice,” Administration Reform, no. 4, pp. 20-25.第47期_5.indd 32 07/05/2021 17:42:16
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 202133*1 Double Legal Liability for Civil Servants Breaking the Law:A Comparation of the Civil Servants’ Legal Systems Across the StraitXIAO Zecheng, WEI Keshun(Law School, Nanjing University)Abstract: The illegal behavior of civil servants can be the illegal behavior on duty or not on duty. For the former, civil servants should be given disciplinary or administrative punishment, while for the latter, administrative punishment or criminal responsibility should be imposed. This is the common feature of the legal system of civil servants in the four places on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. However, it is not clear according to the current regulations whether the civil servants who break the law can be investigated for both internal and external legal responsibilities, that is, the application of double punishment system. Basing on the requirements of strict management of civil servants and the principle of substantive equality, there is a legitimate basis for the implementation of double punishment system for civil servants’ criminal acts and some non duty violations. On the basis of double punishment system for criminal acts, the law on administrative punishment of public o cials should further specify that double punishment system can be implemented for civil servants who intentionally commit serious duty violations and those who seriously damage the image of civil servants or the credibility of the government, so as to avoid a huge gap in legal responsibility near the boundary between crime and non crime.Keywords: civil servant, duty violation, non duty violation, double punishment system* 2020 11 20 20202020 11 8 第47期_5.indd 33 07/05/2021 17:42:16
434141References:2002Peiser, G., Droit Administratif Général - 20e éd., Paris: Dalloz, 2000.2005 Wu, G., Theory and Practice of Administrative Law, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2005.1997 Hu, J., Hong Kong Administrative Law, Zhengzhou: Henan People’s Press, 1997.2002 Weng, Y.-S., Administrative Law, Beijing: China Legal Publishing House, 2002.20136 61-65 Yang, X. , “A Study of Legal Problems of Punishing Civil Servants for Behaviors Outside the Scope of Their Duties,” Journal of Ocean University of China (Social Science), no. 6, 2013, pp. 61-65.2001 Yan, S., A Research on the System of Civil Servants in Japan, Beijing: Chinese Academy of Governance Press, 2001.2001 Dicey, A. V., Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (8th Revised Edition), Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982.第47期_5.indd 43 07/05/2021 17:42:20
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 202144*1 Research on Juristic Interpretation and Implementation Example of the Central’s Overall GovernanceXU Chang(“One Country Two Systems” Research Centre, Macao Polytechnic Institute)Abstract: This article starting by examining the concepts of the central’s overall governance and the high degree power of self-governance in Hong Kong and Macao, digs in the main points of the relevant interpretation, analyzes the basic characteristics and di cult points of the combination of the two and summarizes the relevant path choices and implementation examples, puts forward the guiding principles for the implementation of the Central Government’s overall governance power, which has practical guiding signi cance.Keywords: central’s overall governance, high degree power of self-governance the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR, sovereignty, “One Country, Two Systems” principle* 2020 11 20 20202020 11 17 第47期_5.indd 44 07/05/2021 17:42:21
2021 150 References:252018 2 3-6 93 Qiao, X., “The Central Government’s Overall Jurisdiction and the Macao SAR’s High Autonomy—— Speech at the Academic Seminar Marking the 25th Anniversary of the Promulgation of the Macao Basic Law,” Hong Kong and Macao Journal, no. 2, 2018, pp. 3-6 & 93.2018 4 97-103 Ye, H., “A Theoretical Analysis of the ‘Overall Jurisdiction,’” Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies, no. 4, 2018, pp. 97-103.2018 114-24 93 Lok, W. K., “The Coalition between the Overall Jurisdiction of Central Authorities and the High Degree of Autonomy of the SARs,” Hong Kong and Macao Journal, no. 1, 2018, pp. 14-24 & 93.第47期_5.indd 50 07/05/2021 17:42:25
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20215120212020 11 18 3 5 402020 11 16 20212020 11 18 32021第47期_5.indd 51 07/05/2021 17:42:25
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 2021691 An Empirical Research on the “Appearance” of the PRC Constitution in the Judgments of the Courts in the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SARLIU Mengni(Law School, Shenzhen University & Faculty of Law, University of Macau)Abstract: The application of the PRC Constitution in the judicial eld of the Special Administrative Regions is closely related to the practical maintenance of the constitutional order of the Special Administrative Regions. The existing research does not cover all constitution-related judgments, and lacks the comparison between the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR, which is insu cient on the basis of research. The presentation based on the public constitution-related judgments of the courts of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR, analyzes the subject and content of the reference, the time, litigation types and levels of the constitution-related judgments, and the adoption of the constitution-associated views. The conclusion is that the “appearance” of the PRC Constitution in the judgments of the courts in the Hong Kong SAR shows the characteristics of extensive, scattered and con ict, while the main characteristics of constitutional-related judgments in the Macao SAR are small in number, long in time, high in stability but a little less in innovation.Keywords: PRC Constitution, courts in Hong Kong and Macao, constitution-related judgements, subject of reference, constitutional order2021 2 18 第47期_5.indd 69 07/05/2021 17:42:30
2021 17012 3 4567812 See Leung, P., The Hong Kong Basic Law: Hybrid of Common Law and Chinese Law, Hong Kong: LexisNexis Press, 2007, pp:11-13.31990 3 9-171990 66-712016 5 5-15 1254 1991 3 8-131997 3 16-232010 1 49-562013 2 55-59 1285 1982 31 ——2013 1 78-96 139-14062000 4 140-1512017 1 26-45 94—— 2015 2 49-58 952015 2 62-70 17378 20204 140-153第47期_5.indd 70 07/05/2021 17:42:30
71910111213 70 55 14 15 159 2018 179-8910 2015 5 27-4211 372014 4 2-12——2019 3 210-224 25620151 41-50 2020 132-39 9412 https://legalref.judiciary.hk/lrs/common/ju/judgment.jsp the Chinese constitution, the PRC constitution the constitution of the PRC, the constitution of the People’s Republic of Chinahttp://www.court.gov.mo/zh/subpage/researchjudgments1311114 206 14110 5515 18 315第47期_5.indd 71 07/05/2021 17:42:31
2021 180100%References:1991 3 8-13Ding, H., “The Legal E ect of the Constitution on the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,” Law Review, no. 3, 1991, pp. 8-13.1990 Wang, S., Introduction to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Beijing: Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C Press, 1990.2014 4 2-12Wang, Z. & Sun, C., “A Study on the Application of the Chinese Constitution in Hong Kong Courts,” Politic Science and Law, no. 4, 2014, pp. 2-12.2019 3 210-224 256 Wang, L., “Hong Kong’s Experience in the Judicial Application of the Constitution and the Basic Law: Based on the Analysis of the Judgments of Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal,” Social Sciences in Guangdong, no. 3, 2019, pp. 210-224, 256.2013 2 55-59 128 Wu, H., “On the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ and the Implementation of the Constitution Within Special Administrative Region,” Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences), no. 2, 2013, pp. 55-59, 128.2020 4 140-153 Hu, J. & Liu, H., “The Change in the Constitutional Foundation of the Special Administrative Regions and Its Signi cance,” Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences), no. 4, 2020, pp. 40-153.第47期_5.indd 80 07/05/2021 17:42:38
812015 5 27-42 Xia, Y, “The Application of the Constitution in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,” Journal of Gansu Political Science and Law Institute, no. 5, 2015, pp. 27-42.2010 1 49-56 Yin, X., “The Application of the Constitution in Special Administrative Regions,” Law Science, no. 1, 2010, pp. 49-56.2016 55-15 125 Hao, T., “On the Implementation of China’s Constitution in the Hong Kong,” Journal of Jianghan University (Social Science), no. 5, 2016, pp. 5-15, 125.2018 179-89 Cao, X., “Application of the Constitution in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Theoretical Review and Practical Re ection,” Politic Science and Law, no. 1, 2018, pp. 79-89.2015 141-50 Chong, C. C., “A Study on the Application of the Constitution in the Macao SAR,” Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies, no. 1, 2015, pp. 41-50.2000 4 140-151 Chen, X., “Coordination of ‘Constitutional Review’ between Hong Kong and the Central Government,” Chinese Journal of Law, no. 4, 2000, pp. 140-151.1982 312013 1 78-96 139-140 Zou, P., “Analysis on Article 31 of the 1982 Constitution – Also on the Application of the Constitution in Special Administrative Regions,” Studies on Hong Kong and Macao, no. 1, 2013, pp. 78-96, 139-140.1990 3 9-17 Xiao, W., “On the Relationship between the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,” Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), no. 3, 1990, pp. 9-17.2020 1 32-39 94Han, D., “On the Role of the Constitution in the Formulation and Implementation of the Basic Law of the Macao SAR,” Hong Kong and Macao Journal, no. 1, 2020, pp. 32-39, 94.Leung, P., The Hong Kong Basic Law: Hybrid of Common Law and Chinese Law, Hong Kong: LexisNexis Press, 2007.第47期_5.indd 81 07/05/2021 17:42:39
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 202182*1 Britain’s Unconstitutional Review inside the Principle of Parliamentary SovereigntyGAN Jianhua(Koguan School of Law, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Abstract: The unwritten constitution of the United Kingdom is characterized by the ancient political principle of parliamentary sovereignty, which insists that all major political decisions must be made through parliament. It is a kind of misuse of the conceptual system to interpret the unconstitutional review mechanism of Britain by using the judicial review theory that the parliament is regarded as a purely legislative body, and it has been caught in the value con ict between constitutionalism and democracy from the very beginning. The sovereign status of parliament, or the constitutional connotation of parliamentary sovereignty, is that it authoritatively uni es the two fundamental values of constitutionalism and democracy. The major political decisions of the parliament combine the legitimacy of democracy and the priority of constitutional rules. Therefore, the unconstitutional review mechanism of Britain lies inside the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. In the sense that the parliamentary decision-making process is similar to the judicial process or the Parliament is the highest court in the United Kingdom, its unconstitutional review mechanism can also be called as a review mechanism with judicial nature, but it is not a review mechanism of the Judiciary to check and balance the legislature either in theory or in practice.Keywords: parliamentary sovereignty, unconstitutional review, authority, political principle, democratic deliberation* 201616JJD8200032020 9 15 第47期_5.indd 82 07/05/2021 17:42:39
831 2 1998 19981 Ely, J. H., Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980. pp. 4-5.2 2005 2 109-122第47期_5.indd 83 07/05/2021 17:42:39
2021 1843 1998453 Goldsworthy, J., The Sovereignty of Parliament: History and Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 2354 2013 2 164-1755 Bickel, A. M., The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics (2nd Edition), New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, p. 25第47期_5.indd 84 07/05/2021 17:42:40
85678 9 10 6 De Smith, S. & Brazier, R., Constitutional and Administrative Law, London: Penguin Books, 1994, p. 331.7 See King, A., The British Constitution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, ch. 12.8 Lazare, D., The Frozen Republic: How the Constitution is Paralyzing Democracy, New York, San Diego, London: Harcourt Brace & Co, 1996, ch. 99 Dicey, A.V., Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, London: Macmillan, 1959, pp. 195-203.10 Brazier, R., Constitutional Reform: Reshaping the British Political System, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 155-156.第47期_5.indd 85 07/05/2021 17:42:41
2021 1861112 11 See MacComick, N., Questioning Sovereignty: Law, State and Nation in the European Commonwealth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.12 第47期_5.indd 86 07/05/2021 17:42:41
87 13 14 1516 1713 Bagehot, W., The English Constitution, London: C.A. Watts, 1964, p. 127; Amery, L.S., Thoughts on the Constitution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964, pp. 20-211997 10114 King, A., The British Constitution, p. 59.15 See Finer, H., The Major Governments of Western Europe, Row: Peterson, 1960, p. 67.16 2005 10817 See Nino, C. S., The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Press, 1996, p. 122.第47期_5.indd 87 07/05/2021 17:42:42
2021 188 1819 1215199820 21 18 King, A., The British Constitution, p. 2.19 Vile, M. J. C., Constitutionalism and Separation of Powers, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1998, p. 2.20 King, A., The British Constitution, pp. 5-621 See Bradley, A. W. & Ewing, K. D., Constitutional and Administrative Law, London: Pearson Education Limited, 2007, p.7.第47期_5.indd 88 07/05/2021 17:42:42
892223 24 25 22 practicesOakeshott, M., On Human Conduct, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975, pp. 55-56 Dworkin, R., Justice For Hedgehogs, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011, p. 19723 Allan, T. R. S., The Sovereignty of Law: Freedom, Constitution, and Common Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 64, 177.24 56-57 Dworkin, R., Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth, 1977, pp. 22-28, 71-80 Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961, pp. 144-14825 civil association obligationagentauthority Oakeshott, M., On Human Conduct, pp.147-158第47期_5.indd 89 07/05/2021 17:42:43
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9130 31 32 33 30 3931 See Hume, D., The Philosophical Works of David Hume, Vol. III, Edinburgh: Adam Black and William Tait, 1826, p. 62.32 See Dworkin, R., Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 22. 33 1888 192819 2002 6 30-39第47期_5.indd 91 07/05/2021 17:42:44
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9337 References:Bagehot, W., The English Constitution, with an introduction by R. H. S Crossman, London: C.A. Watts, 1964.Bradley, A. W. & Ewing, K. D., Constitutional and Administrative Law, London: Pearson Education Limited, 2007.Brazier, R., Constitutional Reform: Reshaping the British Political System, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.Dworkin, R., Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth, 1977. Dworkin, R., Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.Dworkin, R., Justice for Hedgehogs, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.Ely, J. H., Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review, Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press, 1980.Goldsworthy, J., The Sovereignty of Parliament: History and Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.37 See Holmes, S., “Precommitment and the Paradox of Democracy,” in Elster, J. & Slagstad, R. (eds.), Constitution and Democracy: Studies in Rationality and Social Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 231.第47期_5.indd 93 07/05/2021 17:42:45
2021 194Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.King, A., The British Constitution, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.Nino, C. S., The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Press, 1996.Oakeshott, M., On Human Conduct, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.第47期_5.indd 94 07/05/2021 17:42:45
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 2021951 A Study of Extraterritorial Application of the “Mandatory Rule” in Private International LawHAO Zhaoliang(School of International Law, China University of Political Science and Law)Abstract: Due to the rapid social economic development and accelerating global integration, it is of great importance for every country to investigate the extraterritorial application of “mandatory rules.” It has both theoretical and practical value to re-exam and reorganize the issues. This paper sorts out and clari es the rationality and legitimacy of the extraterritorial application of the “mandatory rules” by in-depth research. The theoretical and practical breakthroughs are analyzed and the principles of substantive law’s extraterritorial application are explained. With the relevant provisions of the application of law of China, the paper further study and review the problems of the extraterritorial application of the mandatory rules. Based on the legislative and judicial practice of the extraterritorial application of mandatory rules in international civil and commercial disputes in many countries, the paper analyzes and discusses the legal thought and methodology of the extraterritorial application of mandatory rules in theory.Keywords: mandatory rules, extraterritorial application, legal application norms, unilateralism, bilateral application2020 11 24 第47期_5.indd 95 07/05/2021 17:42:45
105References:2015 Wang, L., On the Application of Mandatory Rules of Law in Private International Law, Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2015.2011 Qu, G., On the Protection of the Interests of the Weak in Private International Law, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2011.2016Sun, N., Peng, Y. & Zhou, Y., Legal System on Transnational Security Investment Under International Investment Law, Beijing: Law Press, 2016. 2005 Xu, D., Trends in Private International Law, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005.2008 Qin, R. (ed.), Private International Law, Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008.2008 Zhang, L., Extraterritoriality of Economic Administrative Law, Beijing: Law Press, 2008.第47期_5.indd 105 07/05/2021 17:42:52
2021 11062011 Wan, E., Understanding and Application of “Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relations of People’s Republic of China,” Beijing: China Legal Publishing House, 2011.Liang, J., “Statutory Restrictions on Party Autonomy in China’s Private International Law of Contract: How Far Does the 2010 Codi cation Go?” Journal of Private International Law, vol. 8, iss. 1, 2012, pp. 77-112.Mills, A., “The Dimensions of Public Policy in Private International Law,” Journal of Private International Law, vol. 4, iss. 2, 2008, pp. 201-236.第47期_5.indd 106 07/05/2021 17:42:53
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211071 A Study on the Questions Activeness of the Members of Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR and its Related FactorsTANG Chunlin1, ZHANG Jinghua2(1 School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute; 2 School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology)Abstract: Based on the o cial data of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), this paper uses the method of multiple regression analysis to investigate the related factors of the questions activeness of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR, and to explain the characteristics of the Questions Activeness of the Legislative Assembly members. The research results show that the activeness of written questions by Legislative Assembly members is signi cantly related to their political a liation, election method, and whether they have professional experience as legislators; the activeness of oral questions is signi cantly related to their political a liation, election method, and whether they hold executive o ce.Keywords: Macao, Legislative Assembly, question, activeness2020 12 10 第47期_5.indd 107 07/05/2021 17:42:53
2021 1108 Vliegenthart & Walgrave12018 10 16 2019 10 15785 87 10 2 13Mill4Burke52Millgoverning watch and control the government 6 Raunio1 Vliegenthart, R. & Walgrave, S., “Content Matters: The Dynamics of Parliamentary Questioning in Belgium and Denmark,” Comparative Political Studies, vol. 44, no. 8, 2011, pp.1031-1059.2 /3 2016 1344 Mill, J. S., Considerations on Representative Government, New York: Prometheus Books, 1991, p. 71. 5 Burke, E., “Speech to the Electors of Bristol,” Revista de Sociologia e Política, vol. 20, no. 44, 2012, pp. 97-101.6 Mill, J. S., Considerations on Representative Government, pp. 103-104.第47期_5.indd 108 07/05/2021 17:42:54
1097 Agrawal 81999-20191. 2. 1confrontation 910 Akirav 11 Dandoy 12 Vliegenthart & Walgrave 13 Proksch & Slapin 14152majority voting systems7 Raunio, T., “Parliamentary Questions in the European Parliament: Representation, Information and Control,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 2, no. 4, 1996, pp. 356-382.8 Agrawal, V., “Parliamentary Procedure: Questions Which Cannot Be Asked,” pp. 37-54.9 Russo, F. & Wiberg, M., “Parliamentary Questioning in 17 European Parliaments: Some Steps towards Comparison,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 16, no. 2, 2010, pp. 215-232; Sánchez de Dios, M. & Wiberg, M., “Questioning in European Parliaments,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 354-367.10 22002 348-37611 Akirav, O., “The Use of Parliamentary Questions in the Israeli Parliament, 1992-96,” Israel A airs, vol. 17, no. 2, 2011, pp. 259-277.12 Dandoy, R., “Parliamentary Questions in Belgium: Testing for Party Discipline,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 315-326.13 Vliegenthart, R. & Walgrave, S., “Content Matters: The Dynamics of Parliamentary Questioning in Belgium and Denmark,” pp. 1031-1059.14 Proksch, S. O. & Slapin, J. B., “Parliamentary Questions and Oversight in the European Union,” European Journal of Political Research, vol. 50, no. 1, 2011, pp. 53-79.15 第47期_5.indd 109 07/05/2021 17:42:55
2021 1110proportional representationBailer16Rogers & Walters17 3front-bencher back-bencherRogers & Walters99% 18 Goldberg 19564Akirav16 Bailer, S., “People’s Voice or Information Pool? The Role of, and Reasons for, Parliamentary Questions in the Swiss Parliament,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 302-314.17 Rogers, R. & Walters, R., How Parliament Works (6th Edition), Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2015, p. 312.18 Rogers, R. & Walters, R., How Parliament Works (6th Edition), p. 311.19 Goldberg, G., “The Parliamentary Opposition in Israel, 1965-1977,” PhD thesis of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1980. 第47期_5.indd 110 07/05/2021 17:42:55
11120 Searing 21 Bailer22Saalfeld23 Lovenduski & Norris24 H1H2H3H4YQ= 0+ 1 Political + 2 Elect1+ 3 Elect2 + 4 Executive + 5 Experience +YQ Political ElectElect1 Elect2Executive Experience1. 1www.al.gov.mowww.io.gov.mo220 Akirav, O., “The Use of Parliamentary Questions in the Israeli Parliament, 1992-96,” pp. 259-277.21 Searing, D. D., “Roles, Rules, and Rationality in the New Institutionalism,” The American Political Science Review, vol. 85, no. 4, 1991, pp. 1239-1259.22 Bailer, S., “People’s Voice or Information Pool? The Role of, and Reasons for, Parliamentary Questions in the Swiss Parliament,” pp. 302-314.23 Saalfeld, T., “Parliamentary Questions as Instruments of Substantive Representation: Visible Minorities in the UK House of Commons, 2005-10,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 271-289.24 Lovenduski, J. & Norris, P., “Westminster Women: the Politics of Presence,” Political Studies, vol. 51, no. 1, 2003, pp. 84-102.第47期_5.indd 111 07/05/2021 17:42:56
2021 11141 = -4.285 p 0.051 2 = 10.415 p 0.01 2 3 = 3.700 p 0.014 = -4.338 p 0.011 4.285210.4153.700 34.338H1 H2 H3 H4第47期_5.indd 114 07/05/2021 17:42:58
1158% 26.6%21.4% 24.1% 0.6%1.2%12References:Agrawal, V., “Parliamentary Procedure: Questions Which Cannot Be Asked,” The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 27, no. 2, 1966, pp. 37-54.Akirav, O., “The Use of Parliamentary Questions in the Israeli Parliament, 1992-96,” Israel A airs, vol.17, no. 2, 2011, pp. 259-277.Bailer, S., “People’s Voice or Information Pool? The Role of, and Reasons for, Parliamentary Questions in the Swiss Parliament,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 302-314.Burke, E., “Speech to the Electors of Bristol,” Revista de Sociologia e Política, vol. 20, no. 44, 2012, pp. 97-101.Dandoy, R., “Parliamentary Questions in Belgium: Testing for Party Discipline,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 315-326.Lovenduski, J. & Norris, P., “Westminster Women: the Politics of Presence,” Political Studies, vol. 51, no. 1, 2003, pp. 84-102.Mill, J. S., Considerations on Representative Government, New York: Prometheus Books, 1991.Proksch, S. O. & Slapin, J. B., “Parliamentary Questions and Oversight in the European Union,” European 第47期_5.indd 115 07/05/2021 17:42:59
2021 1116Journal of Political Research, vol. 50, no.1, 2011, pp. 53-79.Raunio, T., “Parliamentary Questions in the European Parliament: Representation, Information and Control,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 2, no. 4, 1996, pp. 356-382.Rogers, R. & Walters, R., How Parliament Works (6th Edition), Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2015.Russo, F. & Wiberg, M., “Parliamentary Questioning in 17 European Parliaments: Some Steps towards Comparison,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 16, no. 2, 2010, pp.215-232.Saalfeld, T., “Parliamentary Questions as Instruments of Substantive Representation: Visible Minorities in the UK House of Commons, 2005-10,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 271-289.Sánchez de Dios, M. & Wiberg, M., “Questioning in European Parliaments,” The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 354-367.Searing, D. D., “Roles, Rules, and Rationality in the New Institutionalism,” The American Political Science Review, vol. 85, no. 4, 1991, pp. 1239-1259.Vliegenthart, R. & Walgrave, S., “Content Matters: The Dynamics of Parliamentary Questioning in Belgium and Denmark,” Comparative Political Studies, vol. 44, no. 8, 2011, pp. 1031-1059.第47期_5.indd 116 07/05/2021 17:42:59
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 2021117*1 A Review of the Study on the Coordination of Rule of Administrative Law among Mainland China, Hong Kong and MacaoFENG Zehua(Guangdong University of Finance and Economics; Center for Basic Laws of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions, Shenzhen University)Abstract: In terms of the internal logic of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the all-round mutually bene cial cooperation among mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao should be placed in the context of the national governance system, so as to fundamentally overcome the deconstruction of “one country, two systems” by the separate constitutional order. The coordination of rule of administrative law among mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao will become a major task of national rejuvenation in the new era. To some extent, the e ectiveness of coordination can be regarded as a touchstone for whether Hong Kong and Macao are fully integrated into the overall situation of national development. From a macro perspective, the research on the theory of interregional rule of law includes the nature, legal basis and legal status of interregional cooperation. From the micro perspective, the speci c areas of administrative law coordination among mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao include interregional customs law, interregional environmental administrative law, interregional economic administrative law, interregional judicial administration, etc. Top level design, interregional legislation and co-construction of institutions are the model choices for the coordination of administrative rule of law among mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao.Keywords: coordination of rule of administrative law, state governance, interregional rule of law, overall situation of national development* 20JZD019 2020 9 14 第47期_5.indd 117 07/05/2021 17:42:59
129References:2019 1164-85 206 Shi, Y. & Chen, K., “The Rule of Law Approach to Governance Innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area,” Social Sciences in China, no. 11, 2019, pp. 64-85, 206.2018 4 2-10 Zhu, K., “The Rule of Law and Its Practice of Cross-regional Governance in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area,” Local Legislation Journal, no. 4, 2018, pp. 2-10.2011 6 19-26 Cui, Z. & Huang, J., “A Study on Regional Administrative Agreement,” Contemporary Law Review, no. 6, 2011, pp. 19-26.2019 545-50 Zou, P. & Feng, Z., “Legislative Coordination of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Historical Development, Legal Barriers and Proposed Mechanism,” Journal of Political Science and Law, no. 5, 2019, pp. 45-50.第47期_5.indd 129 07/05/2021 17:43:08
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211301 Future of Mainland-Hong Kong Cross-Border Insolvency Judicial AssistanceXIE Xiaodan1, WANG Qianhua2(1 Law School, Shenzhen University;2 Center for Basic Laws of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions, Shenzhen University)Abstract: The judicial practice of cross-border insolvency judicial assistance between the Mainland and Hong Kong has shown a limited and unilateral prospect. Due to the huge di erences in the respective bankruptcy systems and the lack of su cient legislation on cross-border bankruptcy, little progress in insolvency judicial assistance between the Mainland and Hong Kong has been made over the years. The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area encourages mutual legal assistance and legal cooperation, and provide new opportunities for the Mainland and Hong Kong to develop cross-border insolvency judicial assistance. The article conceives the content of the Mainland and Hong Kong cross-border insolvency judicial assistance, mainly focuses on the following issues: jurisdiction dispute, the ambiguity of the status of the bankruptcy administrator, the ambiguity of application of law and extraterritorial e ect, and the inadequacy of the provisions for recognition and relief measures. Then the article comes up with a two-step approach for cross-border insolvency judicial assistance between the Mainland and Hong Kong.Keywords: cross-border insolvency, bankruptcy administrators, extraterritorial e ect of bankruptcy, recognition2021 4 25 第47期_5.indd 130 07/05/2021 17:43:09
1312001 12 20083 LDK 4520196 2020 67 81 CCIC Finance Ltd. v. Guangdong International Trust & Investment Corporation, HCA15651/1999.2 2002 3 443 2009 34 184 Re LDK Solar C. Ltd. (In Provisional Liquidation) [2014] HKCFI 2234; [2015] 1 HKLRD 458; HCMP 2216/2014 (10th December 2014). 5 Casey McDonald and Another v. Golden Dynasty Enterprises Ltd. and Others [2008] HKCFI 880 [2008] 5 HKLRD 569 HCMP 2388/2007 (15th October 2008) “Notwithstanding the powers given to the Receivers by the courts in the BVI, Samoa and Hong Kong, their attempts to obtain information, books and records concerning the Companies, the joint-ventures, subsidiary or associated companies of the Companies in China (i.e. the PRC Subsidiaries) and to assume control of them have not met with much success. For one thing, they have not been able to establish direct contact with any of the directors. Limited information relating to the Companies was provided to them through a law rm in China engaged by the Companies for that purpose. As the Receivers have not been given su cient information in relation to the assets and a airs of the Companies and the PRC Subsidiaries, they have not been able to identify and secure all of the assets.”6 41-457 2020 6 11 0088 2002 1 122第47期_5.indd 131 07/05/2021 17:43:10
13519520092655 20 21 2019 222 19 American Express International Banking Corporation and Others v. Michael J. John and Anther, HCA014594A/1983.20 201119 2011 9 2821 2009 5 7822 2019 9 49第47期_5.indd 135 07/05/2021 17:43:12
141References:2019 2 56-60 Wen, Y., “How to Coordinate the Legal System of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,” China Opening Journal, no. 2, 2019, pp. 56-60.2009 5 75-83 Wang, F., “Study on the Legal Framework of Cross-border Bankruptcy between Hong Kong and the Mainland,” Tribune of Political Science and Law, no. 5, 2009, pp. 75-83.2006 Wang, X., “Study on Issues Relating to the Law of Con icts in Cross-border Insolvency,” Doctoral Dissertation of East China University of Political Science and Law, 2006.2002 1 114-126Shi, J., “The Current Situation and Development of China’s Cross-border Insolvency Law,” China Legal Science, no. 1, 2002, pp. 114-126.2002 3 41-45 Shi, J., “A Case Analysis of the Extraterritorial E ectiveness of China’s Bankruptcy Procedures - Comment on the Hong Kong High Court’s Recognition of the Guangxin Bankruptcy Procedure,” Tribune of Political Science and Law, no. 3, 2002, pp. 41-45.2018 5 170-181 Shi, J. & Huang, Y., “An Empirical Study on Cross-Border Insolvency Cooperation between Mainland China and Hong Kong SAR,” Modern Law Science, no. 5, 2018, pp. 170-181.2007 4 84-89 Song, X., “On the EU Transnational Bankruptcy Law,” Legal Review, no. 4, 2007, pp. 84-89.2009 4 43-46 Hu, J., “Legal Issues in the Cross-border Insolvency of the Mainland and Hong Kong,” China Law, no. 4, 2009, pp. 43-46.2009 34 17-19 Hu, J., “Cross-Border Bankruptcy: Di culties the Mainland and Hong Kong Have to Face,” Government Legality, no. 34, 2009, pp. 17-19.20091 31-46 Ma, T. & Hu, J., “On the Legal Con ict and Coordination Mechanism in the Cross-border Bankruptcy between the Mainland and Hong Kong,” Anhui University Law Review, no. 1, 2009, pp. 31-46.2019 6第47期_5.indd 141 07/05/2021 17:43:17
2021 1142114-127 Zhang, S., “The Current Status and Future Development of Judicial Assistance for Civil and Commercial A airs in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,” China Review of Administration of Justice, no. 6, 2019, pp. 114-127.2017 317-25 94 Zhang, S., “Con ict of Laws and Legal Cooperation in the Construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,” Hong Kong and Macau Journal, no. 3, 2017, pp. 17-25, 94.2018 4 1-16 Guo, Y. & Fu, P., “China’s Recognition and Assistance System of Cross-boarder Insolvency: Theory, Practice and Improvement of Rules,” Wuhan University International Law Review, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1-16.2009 16 29-30 Chen, J., “Study on the Extraterritorial E ect of Bankruptcy Declaration,” Legal System and Society, no. 16, 2009, pp. 29-30.1999 Huang, J. (ed.), Private International Law, Beijing: Law Press China, 1999.2011 Xie, Z., Research on Transnational Bankruptcy Legislation and Application - A Perspective from the United States and Europe, Beijing: Law Press China, 2011.2019 9 48-56 Xie, W. & Qiu, J., “The Paths of Judicial Cooperation and Judicial Security in the Construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area - from the Perspective of Hong Kong and Macao Civil and Commercial Trial,” Journal of Law Application, no. 9, 2019, pp. 48-56.第47期_5.indd 142 07/05/2021 17:43:17
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211431Marriage Registration System in Mainland China: Origin, Dilemma and CountermeasuresYANG Tiezheng(Faculty of Law, University of Macao)Abstract: Since ancient times, people of all ethnic groups in China generally regard marriage ceremony as a formal element of marriage. After the founding of new China, marriage ceremonies were discarded as feudal dross. At the same time, in uenced by laws of the Soviet Union, marriage registration became the only formal requirement for the establishment of a marriage. However, as an imported product, marriage registration has its own advantages, but it goes against the marriage customs of various ethnic groups in China and is not easily accepted by people. Marriage ceremony is a part of Chinese traditional marriage custom, which has a deep mass foundation, not feudal dross. It not only has unique social value but also can make up for the de ciency of marriage registration. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the legal e ect of the marriage ceremony in order to better protect the rights and interests of the parties.Keywords: marriage formal elements, marriage registration, marriage ceremony2020 10 5 第47期_5.indd 143 07/05/2021 17:43:17
2021 1144119 20231917 12 201 2007 1432 2012 20 112-1333 Gsovski, V., “Marriage and Divorce in Soviet Law,” Georgetown Law Journal, vol. 35, no. 1, 1947, p. 209.第47期_5.indd 144 07/05/2021 17:43:18
14545 19181917 121917 12 20 6 192610 22781944 7 89193019301931 11 7891926104 Wol , M. M., “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” Modern Law Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 1949, p. 291.5 Wol , M. M., “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” p. 292.6 Wol , M. M., “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” p. 291.7 Wol , M. M., “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” p. 292.8 2003 519 Wol , M. M., “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” pp. 293-294.10 1984 1 71第47期_5.indd 145 07/05/2021 17:43:19
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2021 1150References:20103 86-90 Yu, X., Gao, Y. & Gao, G., “Legal Sociology Thinking of the Ceremonial Marriage in China,” Journal of University of Jinan (Social Science Edition), no. 3, 2010, pp. 86-90.2018 3 102-106 Wang, Y., “Improving the Legal Regulations of De Fact Marriage – Based on the Compilation of Marriage and Family Copy,” Journal of Tianshui College of Administration, no. 3, 2018, pp. 102-106.2003 2 68-74 Shi, L., “A Practical Study of Con icts between National Law and National Customary Law,” Journal of Hubei Minzu University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-74.第47期_5.indd 150 07/05/2021 17:43:22
1512007 Yu, Y., Kinship Law, Beijing: Law Press, 2007.2011 1146-152 Jin, M., “Investigation of De Facto Marriage – Also on the Modern Legal Value of Marriage Ceremony,” ECUPL Journal, no. 1, 2011, pp. 146-152.20083 128-130 Zhang, R. & Li, F., “Thinking about a Number of Legal Issues of Ceremony Marriage,” Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (Social Science Edition), no. 3, 2008, pp. 128-130.1990 Chen, P., Documents of Chinese Marriage History, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1990.2014 Chen, G., History of Chinese Marriage, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2014.2003 Qiao, X. (ed.), Interpretation of the Administrative License Law of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing: China Wujia Press, 2003.2003 Shiga, S., Principles of Chinese Family Law (Chinese translated edition), Beijing: Law Press China, 2003.1998 Fei, X., Rural China Fertility System, Beijing: Peking University Press, 1981.2012 20 112-113 Yu, J., “From Ceremony to Registration: Jurisprudence Thinking on the Changes of Chinese Marriage System,” People’s Tribune, no. 20, 2012, pp. 112-113.2004 4 11-14Luy, S., “A Brief Analysis on Legal E ect of De Facto Marriage in Ethnic Areas,” Guizhou Ethnic Studies, no. 4, 2004, pp. 11-14.1983 Liu, Q., Marriage Law of the Chinese Communist Party, Taipei: The Commercial Press, 1983.2010 1 79-81Mu, Q., “E ectiveness of Fact Marriage in Ethnic Minority Areas,” Qinghai Journal of Ethnology, no. 1, 2010, pp. 78-81.1984 1 67-74 Han, Y., “On the Legislation of Marriage in the Red Zone,” Chinese Journal of Law, no. 1, 1984, pp. 67-74.第47期_5.indd 151 07/05/2021 17:43:22
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211521CFIAMediation Mechanism in Investment Dispute Settlement: Functions, Cases and TrendsSU Weikang(Koguan School of Law, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Abstract: The mediation mechanism has resonated around the world. The mediation mechanism of investment dispute is developing in the direction of institutionalization and standardization. It can be found that the mediation mechanism can meet the basic needs of the settlement of investment disputes. Mediation mechanism has incomparable advantages in maintaining cooperative relations, controlling the progress of disputes and reducing the cost of dispute settlement. The opening and signing of Singapore Convention and the CFIA model in Brazil are the latest progress of investment mediation, which re ects the development prospect and institutional vitality of investment mediation mechanism, and provides a possible direction for the development of investment mediation.Keywords: settlement of investment disputes, mediation mechanism, Singapore Convention2020 9 27 第47期_5.indd 152 07/05/2021 17:43:22
153332017 912016 7 Guide on Investment Mediation 2mediation conciliation 2017 6International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID34567conciliation Permanent Court of 1 “Conciliation between the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste and the Commonwealth of Australia,” 1st September 2017, https://pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/2230, retrieved on 30th June 2020.2 Energy Charter, “Decision of the Energy Charter Conference,” 19th July 2016, https://energycharter.org/ leadmin/DocumentsMedia/CCDECS/2016/CCDEC201612.pdf, 1st July 2020.3 See website: https://icsid.worldbank.org/en/Pages/resources/ICSID%2NewsLetter/207-Issue3/Considering-theFuture-of-Investor-State-Mediation.aspx, retrieved on 30th May 2020.4 See website: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/september/tradoc_157378.pdf, retrieved on 12th July 2020.5 2020 7 132020 3 44-582019 11 172-18020156 2009 6 1307 Reif, L. C., “Conciliation as a Mechanism for the Resolution of International Economic and Business Disputes,” Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 14, iss. 3, 1990, pp. 578-638.第47期_5.indd 153 07/05/2021 17:43:23
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2021 11581. UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules 361980 7 23 20 ADR1 2234132. ICSID ICSID Conciliation Rules 37ICSID 28-35 ICSIDICSID ICSID Additional Facility Rules 38 ICSID2829 3132 3334ICSID ICSID 2018ICSID fact- nding3. IBA Rules for Investor-State Mediation200836 United Nations, UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules, 1980, https://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.conciliation.rules.1980/doc.html, retrieved on 1st July 2020. 37 ICSID, Rules of Procedure for Conciliation Proceedings (Conciliation Rules), http://icsid les.worldbank.org/icsid/icsid/static les/basicdoc/parte.htm, retrieved on 25th June 2020.38 ICSID, Rules of Procedure for Conciliation Proceedings (Conciliation Rules).第47期_5.indd 158 07/05/2021 17:43:26
159ICISD201139 2012 1 17 2 8 2114. ICC Mediation Rules 402014 ICC ADR Rules 1988 ICC Rules of Optional Conciliation1 2dispute 1 358ICSIDICSID 12 9 3ICSID 541173 1,047 11. ICSID Tesoro Petroleum Case1968 Tesoro1981TesoroTesoro 1984 1 6 ICSID1985 2 1985 10Tesoro 1985 1139 Joubin-Bret, A. & Legum, B., “A Set of Rules Dedicated to Investor-State Mediation: The IBA Investor-State Mediation Rules,” ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, vol. 29, iss. 1, Winter 2014, pp. 17-24.40 ICC, ICC Mediation Rules, 2014, https://iccwbo.org/dispute-resolution-services/mediation/mediation-rules/, retrieved on 14th July 2020.第47期_5.indd 159 07/05/2021 17:43:27
2021 116011,000 41 1 ICSID 2020 7 10 42CONC/82/1SEDITEX Engineering Beratungsgesellschaftfür die Textilindustrie m.b.H.Settled258CONC/83/1Tesoro Petroleum Corpo-ration Concluded824CONC/94/1SEDITEX Engineering Beratungsgesellschaftfür dieTextilindustrie m.b.H.Concluded767CONC/03/1TG World Petroleum Limited Settled487CONC/05/1 Togo ElectricitéConcluded321CONC/07/1 Shareholders of SESAMConcluded366CONC/11/1RSM Production Corpo-ration Concluded631CON-C(AF)/12/1Hess Equatorial Guinea, Inc. and TullowEquatorial Guinea LimitedPendingCON-C(AF)/12/2CMS Energy Corporation and others Concluded1047CONC/16/1 Xenofon KaragiannisPendingCONC/18/1 Société d’Energie et d’Eau du Gabon Concluded173CONC/19/1La Camerounaise des Eaux (CDE) Pending2. The Vattenfal v. Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne case2002Vattenfal20 VattenfalVattenfalVattenfal41 Nurick, L. & Schnably, S. J., “The First ICSID Conciliation: Tesoro Petroleum Corporation v. Trinidad and Tobago,” ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, vol. 1, iss. 2, Fall 1986, pp. 340-353.42 ICSID第47期_5.indd 160 07/05/2021 17:43:27
161Thomas Wälde7510043Vattenfal ICSID 443. 2014 3 201245ICSID 40%444 26-28%462019 12 ISDS 4764% 34% 30%43 Wälde, T. W., “E cient Management of Transnational Disputes: Case Study of a Successful Interconnector Dispute Resolution,” TDM 1, 2007, http:// www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=970, 14th July 2020. 44 Vattenfall AB, Vattenfall Europe AG, Vattenfall Europe Generation AG v. Federal Republic of Germany ICSID Case No ARB/09/6.45 Leoveanu, A. & Erac, A., “ICC Mediation. Paving the Way Forward,” in Titi, C. & Fach Gómez, K. (eds.), Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 81-100.46 ICSID, “Background Information on the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID),” https://icsid.worldbank.org/en/Documents/ICSID%2Fact%2Sheet%20-%20ENGLISH.pdf., retrieved on 15th July 2020.47 http://www.arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/research/ 2020 6 17第47期_5.indd 161 07/05/2021 17:43:28
2021 11621984Aron Broches48495051 ICSID3.5 80052 Metalclad Metalclad1,700 53545556member-drivenICSID 196548 Rubin, S. J. & et. al, “Avoidance and Settlement of International Investment Disputes.”49 Shannon, M., “Preventing War and Providing the Peace? International Organizations and the Management of Territorial Disputes,” Con ict Management and Peace Science, vol. 26, iss. 2, 2009, pp. 144-163. 5051 Salacuse, J. W., “Is There a Better Way? Alternative Methods of Treaty-Based, Investor-State Dispute Resolution,” Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 31, iss. 1, 2007, pp. 138-157.52 —— 2019 1117253 ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/97/1.54 Coe Jr, J. C., “Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor State Disputes A Preliminary Sketch,” U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 7-46. 55 Constain, S., “Mediation in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Government Policy and the Changing Landscape.” 56 Rubin, S. J. & et. al, “Avoidance and Settlement of International Investment Disputes.”第47期_5.indd 162 07/05/2021 17:43:29
1635750 201612 ICSID581. 59602001 61 2012 62ICSID2. 57 ICSID, History of the ICSID Convention (Volume II-1), Washington, DC: ICSID, 1968, p. 242.58 Reisman, W. M, “International Investment Arbitration and ADR: Married but Best Living Apart,” ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, vol. 24, iss. 1, Spring 2009, pp. 185-19259 10 4 33 39 1 10 4 10 160 Coe Jr, J. C., “Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor State Disputes A Preliminary Sketch.”61 Sempra Energy International v. The Argentine Republic ICSID Case No ARB/02/16, Award (28th September 2007); Enron Corp v. The Argentine Republic ICSID Case No ARB/01/3, Award (22nd May 2007); LG&E Energy Corp et al. v The Argentine Republic ICSID Case No ARB/02/1, Award (25th July 2007).62 Watkins Holdings S.i r.l. v. Kingdom of Spain ICSID Case No ARB/15/44; NextEra Energy Global Holdings BV and NextEra Energy Spain Holdings BV v Kingdom of Spain ICSID Case No ARB/14/11.第47期_5.indd 163 07/05/2021 17:43:29
2021 116463643 65PCA Optional Conciliation Rules 1626 ICSID 26Amco v. Indonesia263. 66671982Otto-arndt Glossuer68632020 2 68642007 365 2020 3 5566 Onwuamaegbu, U. O., “The Role of ADR in Investor State Dispute Settlement: The ICSID Experience,” TDM 1 (2007), http://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=964, 14th July 2020.67 Rubin, S. J. & et. al, “Avoidance and Settlement of International Investment Disputes.”68 Rubin, S. J. & et. al, “Avoidance and Settlement of International Investment Disputes.”第47期_5.indd 164 07/05/2021 17:43:30
167References:2009 6 130-139 Wang, F., “On Some Modern Mediation System Issues,” Contemporary Law Review, no. 6, 2009, pp. 130-139.ADR 2014 23-12 Shi, C., “Judgement Reconciliation and Legal Culture Tradition – The Impact of ADR on Judicial Functions,” Science of Law (Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law), no. 2, 2014, pp. 3-12.2020 3 44-72 Shen, W., “Liberal Evolution of ISDS Mechanisms in Chinese BITs and China’s Path – An Investigation of ISDS Clauses in Chinese BITs ,” Business and Economic Law Review, no. 3, 2020, pp. 44-72.2018 3 79-87 Qi, T., “On Prevention Mechanism of Disputes over ‘One Belt And One Road’ International Investment,” Law Review, no. 3, 2018, pp. 79-87.Constain, S., “Mediation in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Government Policy and the Changing Landscape,” ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, vol. 29, iss. 1, Winter 2014, pp. 25-40.Harpole, S. A, “The Combination of Conciliation with Arbitration in the People’s Republic of China,” Journal of International Arbitration, vol. 24, iss. 6, 2007, pp. 623-634.Reif, L. C., “Conciliation as a Mechanism for the Resolution of International Economic and Business Disputes,” Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 14, iss. 3, 1990, pp. 578-638.第47期_5.indd 167 07/05/2021 17:43:32
1 47 lssue 12021 4 Journal of One Country Two Systems Studies Apr, 20211681Debating the Legitimacy of Macao’s Special Stamp DutyVONG Chi Hou(Faculty of Law, Macau University of Science and Technology)Abstract: The Special Stamp Duty system in Macao has been in existence for some time. The purpose of the system is to curb speculative trading in real estate and has been quite e ective. However, the Special Stamp Duty in Macao is levied on the price of real estate transactions, and owners are required to pay the Special Stamp Duty even if they sell at a loss or for other legitimate reasons during the two-year restricted sale period. The Special Stamp Duty does not di erentiate between the speci c circumstances of a taxpayer’s transaction, which is contrary to “the principle of contributory capacity.” The purpose of the Special Stamp Duty is to discourage speculation. Owners who can prove that they have not engaged in speculation should be allowed to be exempted from the relevant tax liability.Keywords: Macao, special stamp duty, Principle of Contributory Capacity2020 10 9 第47期_5.indd 168 07/05/2021 17:43:33
1692011 2012 2018201210%5% 10%6/2011 12320% 10%4 56 7O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva 891 52 43 24 35 55 26 1998 11 417 2001 7 268 “Em sentido contrário, o professor Carlos Palao Taboada (1978, p. 134) para quem a existência do princípio da igualdade tornaria dispensável o princípio da capacidade contributive,” see de Andrade, R. F. A., “O Princípio Base da Capacidade Contributiva e a Sua Aplicação Diante de Uma Pluralidade de Tributos,” Revista de Informação Legislativa, vol. 38, no. 149, 2001, p. 127.9 Lei Geral Tributária Código Tributário Nacional第47期_5.indd 169 07/05/2021 17:43:33
2021 1170101. O Princípio da Igualdade O Princípio da Justiça O Princípio da Tributação do Rendimento Real 11122. 13 143. 1520112 2 3 16102011 62 2 67-8211 579/201212 7 313 21/78/M14 415 1999 12 46 126816 2 2 As contribuições e impostos assentam na capacidade contributiva dos sujeitos passivos, de acordo com o seu rendimento e património, bem como da utilização dada aos mesmos2011 5 31 IV - 21 第47期_5.indd 170 07/05/2021 17:43:34
17117José Baptista Machado 181. 19 20 St. Thomas Aquinas secundum facultatem secundum equalitem21Poor Law 222. Pescatore 23 1 2 317 3 A capacidade contributiva resulta da capacidade económica dos sujeitos passivos e rege-se pelos princípios da igualdade, generalidade, legalidade e justiça material2011 5 31 IV - 21 18 199812219 1967 106 1978 31 53 Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” Revista de Informação Legislativa, vol. 34, no. 136, 1997, p. 33720 1988 145 1 Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 33721 Conti, J. M., Princípios Tributários da Capacidade Contributiva e da Progressividade, São Paulo: Dialética, 1996, p. 37, cited in Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 334.22 Cannan, The History of Local Rates in England in Relation to the Proper Distribution of the Burden of Taxation (2nd edition), London: King , 1912, p. 22, cited in Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 334.23 La Logica Delle Imposte, Torino, 1867, p. 18, cited in Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 335.第47期_5.indd 171 07/05/2021 17:43:35
2021 1172242526O Princípio da Igualdade271. 52 53 53-A 42 431% 3% 10% 20% 28 20021% 1% 42 22. 29302524 Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 335.25 Moschetti, F., El Princípio da Capacidad Contributiva. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 1980, p. 279, cited inMeirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 336.26 Wagner, A., Finanzwissenschaft, tradução Francesco Moschetti, Berlim, 1880. p. 287-292, cited in Meirelles, J. R., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva,” p. 336.27 2628 200 1% 200 400 2% 400 3%29 12430 Viriato Manuel Pinheiro de Lima9/2006 3第47期_5.indd 172 07/05/2021 17:43:36
173313233349121912192O Sistema da Matéria Colectável Presumida35Avaliação IndirectaLei Geral Tributária 87 9031 532 J. J. Gomes Canotilho Vital Moreira Constituição da República Portuguesa Anotada2007 339 5/201033 18 393 9/2006 834 88 2 b35 85/2003 第47期_5.indd 173 07/05/2021 17:43:36
175383940References:2020 Liu, J., Finance and Taxation Law: Theories, Cases and Materials (4th edition), Beijing: Peking University Press, 2020.2020 Liu, J., International Tax Law (4th edition), Beijing: Peking University Press, 2020.Carrazza, R. A., Curso de Direito Constitucional Tributario Carraza, São Paulo: Malheiros Editores Ltda., 2013.Fonseca, L. S., Noções de Direito Tributário, São Paulo: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Technologia, 2012.Machado, H. B., Curso de Direito Tributário (31ª edição), São Paulo: Malheiros Editores Ltda., 2010.Moreira, J. P. R., “A Revisão da Matéria Colectável Nos Casosde Avaliação Indirecta,” Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 2015.Paulsen, L., Curso de Direito Tributário Completo (4ª edição), Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado Editora Ltda., 2012.Pessôa, L. C., “O Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva na Jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal,” Revista Direito, vol. 5, no. 1, 2009, pp. 95-106.Sabbag, E., Manual de Direito Tributário (6 ª edição), São Paulo: Saraiva, 2014.38 27539 21940 Lei Geral Tributária 5第47期_5.indd 175 07/05/2021 17:43:38
2021 1176Sanches, J. L. S., Principios do Contencioso Tributario, Lisboa: Editorial Fragmentos Lda., 1987.Sicca, G. S., “Ionomia Tributária E Capacidade Contributiva do Estado Contemporâneo,” Revista de Informação Legislativa, vol. 41, no. 164, 2004, pp. 213-235.第47期_5.indd 176 07/05/2021 17:43:39
徵稿簡則+投稿須知_20210507.indd 1 07/05/2021 17:09:51
1. wordRUPDS@ipm.edu.mo CNKIhttp://reupds.cbpt.cnki.net/2. 300303. 1. 14.5.6.7.20198. 1 2 38.18.2Author, Title of the Book, Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication, Page.Author, “Title of the Article,” Title of the Journal, Volume, Number/Issue, Year, Page.Author, “Title of the Article,” in Editor, (ed.), Title of the Collection, Place: Publisher, Year, Page.Author, “Title of the Article,” Date of Issue, Name of the Newspaper. Date. Page.Author, “Title of the Article,” Date of publication, URL, Date of retrieval.9. 6CNKI http://reupds.cbpt.cnki.net/RUPDS@ipm.edu.mo853-83998702 853-83998703 853-28575761徵稿簡則+投稿須知_20210507.indd 2 07/05/2021 17:09:56
