THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONGA Pictorial HistoryVolume IIAntónio M. Pacheco Jorge da Silva
06 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History
Contents09A Tribute to a Community11Introduction13Acknowledgements15Preface17Chapter I1900 – 194127Chapter IIJapanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)45Chapter IIIThe Community after World War II53Chapter IVSocial Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)61Chapter VThose Who Stayed67Photographs256 AppendixThe Areas Where the Portuguese Lived270Bibliography271Index07THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History
08 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
09THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIA Tribute to a CommunityEvery three years the representatives of the Macanese diaspora meet in Macau for their big “Encontro”, with a full programme of social gatherings, cultural activities and official ceremonies. In November 2007, among several new books prepared for the occasion, a very special and meaningful one was presented and very well received by the participants. It was “The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, a Pictorial History”, by António M. Pacheco Jorge da Silva and jointly published by the Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses (Council of Macanese Communities) and the Instituto Internacional de Macau (International Institute of Macau).Besides being thoroughly researched and brilliantly written, the book was exceptionally well designed and produced, with a remarkable photographic selection and a highly professional graphic work. The response was so positive that the author felt encouraged to put together more material made available by readers and friends for a 2nd volume, to be launched at the 4th “Encontro das Comunidades Macaenses”(4th Gathering of the Macanese Communities), in November/December 2010. The final product has attained the same quality and it included an excellent supplemental text and more beautiful photographs of a vibrant and influential community that contributed extensively to Hong Kong’s development and prosperity.This book is, indeed, a most relevant tribute to the Portuguese in Hong Kong, while clearly identifying their origins and roots in our beloved Macau and proudly acknowledging their forefathers who came centuries ago from the distant shores of Southwestern Europe in their quest to encompass the world.The involvement of the International Institute of Macau in such a significant project is entirely justified and we congratulate the author for the success of his work.Jorge A. H. RangelPresident, International Institute of Macau
10 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
11THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIIntroductionThis fine book, magnificently produced by the Instituto Internacional de Macau, Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses, and Sociedade de Jogos de Macau, S.A. is a worthy companion to António M. Pacheco Jorge da Silva’s The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, a Pictorial History, published in 2007. That book broke new ground. Nothing like it had been attempted since J.P. Braga’s The Portuguese in Hongkong and China was published posthumously by his son Jack in 1944 as a filial tribute. So much has changed since then. That book was produced in wartime conditions when high quality paper was unobtainable and money was scarce; Jack Braga could not have contemplated including any photographs. Those were desperate days when most of the Portuguese in Hong Kong had fled to Macau, their original homeland. Now, more than 60 years later, most of the Portuguese community has again left Hong Kong, not because of the tribulation of war, but because of better opportunities on the far shores of the Pacific – opportunities that our forebears could hardly have imagined. This book, for the most part, tells the story of those who fought for survival in Hong Kong in the dreadful period of the Japanese Occupation from 1941 to 1945 and the post-war generation that followed. The author traces their family and community life with affection, skill and understanding. His primary research technique was to send out a questionnaire to tap the memories of those who grew up and lived through these times. Those memories have been carefully drawn upon in his narrative and set out in a readable and compelling way.The book goes on to say something of the comparatively small number of Portuguese people who have remained in Hong Kong, some of them attaining positions of eminence in the community that their forebears could hardly have dreamt of.What is the purpose of a history like this? First, it is to encourage reminiscence so that those who lived, worked, played sport and raised their families in Hong Kong during the mid-20th century can relive the experiences of their youth. A second, and perhaps more important purpose, is that the author has set out, both in words and in a superb collection of photographs, a permanent record for the future. There are always those in every generation who are curious about their origins. This book will satisfy their curiosity about a faraway place and a time long gone. It will give our descendants a very good impression of what life was like in that close-knit community that was about to change forever.Stuart Braga 22 March 2010
12 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
13THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAcknowledgementsI would like to thank Dr. Jorge Alberto Hagedorn Rangel for believing in the necessity of the second volume and for agreeing to publish this book. His persistence in obtaining the necessary funding for this publication is much appreciated. I would also like to express my special thanks to Dr. José Manuel de Oliveira Rodrigues who has been most gracious in agreeing to ratify the subsidy required. I am most grateful to the Board of Directors of the Instituto Internacional de Macau (IIM), the Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses (CCM) and the Sociedade de Jogos de Macau, S. A. for their support in the publication of this book. Following the publication of the first volume of this book former members of the Hong Kong Portuguese community came forward to help more so than in the initial volume. They sent in family photographs, responded to questionnaires and letters, assisted in the identification of names of those in the photographs, and participated in personal interviews. Without their support this second volume would not have been possible.My deepest appreciation and many thanks go to those who have given of their time to help me with this book. In Australia – Stuart Braga, Bosco Correa, Fernando Ribeiro, Henrique “Quito” d’Assumpção, and Philippe Yvanovich; in Canada – Archer and Celsa Larcina; in Hong Kong – Sir Roger Lobo, John and Carol Monteiro, Dr. Albert and Mary Rodrigues, Ruy Barretto S. C., Anthony Correa, Henrique Souza; in the United States of America – Gerry McDougall, Mercia da Silva Poirier, Eleanor Noronha Orth, Millie Brown, Roberto de Graça, Barbara Vas, Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios, Billy Soares, and my very dear friend Theresa Yvanovich da Luz.Theresa’s fantastic memory and endless patience have been a resource I have always relied upon. Not to go unmentioned is Fernando Ribeiro whose unyielding assistance is very much appreciated.My very special thanks go to Bosco Correa and Gerry McDougall for reviewing the text with helpful suggestions and to Stuart Braga for the insurmountable time and effort in the final review of the entire manuscript and preparation of the index. These three special friends have offered me their time without hesitation.I would also like to thank my wife Penny for all her support and encouragement.
Preface14 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
Preface15THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe suggestion of a possible second edition by the author in the Preface of the first volume of The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong may not have seemed implausible “after our worldwide community sees the first (Volume I)”1. In response to the author’s plea in the last page of the first edition to the former Portuguese community of Hong Kong to “send in their stories and photographs realizing that this volume is incomplete as it stands”2 that community responded enthusiastically by submitting over a hundred photographs and additional material. As a result, rather than a reprinting of the First Edition with additional photographs and supplemental text, what you now have is Volume II.In Volume 1, I relied greatly on information from J. P. Braga’s seminal book, The Portuguese in Hongkong and China. Its survival is a remarkable story. Originally published in a very small edition in wartime Macau in 1944, it was reprinted as a special double issue of the journal Boletim do Instituto Luis de Camoes, Vol. XII, Nos 1 and 2, Spring and Summer 1978. This was at the instance of the tireless Macau historian Fr. Manuel Teixeira, but for whom the book would have disappeared from sight. Teixeira tells us that only one copy could then be located in Macau. It belonged to Fr. António Carlos Kirschner. In the early 1990s, when I was given a photocopy of this issue of the Boletim, I found that it was a fountain of information unavailable to the public. Twenty years later, in 1998, another reprint was published by the Fundacão Macau, making this important book much more widely available. It is this edition that readers of this book will be able to obtain.In the first volume of The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, A Pictorial History, I included as much information as possible about the early Portuguese community in Hong Kong from Braga’s important book, not suspecting there would be a second volume of my own book. This has been published in response to the huge interest that volume 1 created. In the last three years, much new material has become available, and so Volume 2 demanded to be written.The Portuguese of Hong Kong now spread all over the world refer to the memories of their days in that bygone Colony as either Pre-World War II or Post War. The fall of Hong Kong and the Japanese occupation that followed greatly impacted their lives and in many ways led to their final Diaspora from the shores of China. Their once secure and isolated existence was no more. Their dependence on the British was to continue.The changes in communication and technology in less than a decade following the War in the Pacific awakened the younger Portuguese residents of Hong Kong as to the opportunities overseas. Several families sent their boys to Australia, Britain and the United States of America to continue their studies. Most that returned soon convinced their parents that an independent and better life could be had away Preface1 Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong – A Pictorial History, Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses and Instituto Internacional de Macau, November 2007, p. 112 Ibid., p. 71
Preface16 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIfrom Hong Kong. But that was not sufficient to uproot four centuries of stable living in comfortable surroundings. The riots of 1956 followed by that of 1967 generated the insecurity that culminated in the exodus, the Diaspora, of the descendents of the Portuguese who lived in China for many generations, who knew no other home.By the end of the 21st Century the Portuguese Community of Hong Kong, for that matter in all of Asia, will be just a memory of days gone by. The few families that remain in Hong Kong will be very few by comparison, some almost certainly either integrated into the local population. Those who have emigrated to other countries of the world will meld into the population of those countries in the generations to come. Their memory will live on in the pages of this and other books or in documentation by others. It is well for the world to remember that they were a vital social community, great sportsmen, and many, legends in their own time. Many of their humorous stories will be lost, their good nature and strength of character hidden in the many faces of the photographs, but their spirit and their deeds remain an integral part of the history of Hong Kong.This, my last book to honour them, Volume II of the Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, looks at their lives from the recollections of the community itself through interviews, articles and letters written to the Author. Once again it features many photographs of families and personalities with the names of as many as possible identified in those pictures.Portugal, the ancestral motherland of this community, should remember those far from home who served her loyally for centuries and whose children remain proud of their heritage.António M. Pacheco Jorge da Silva
Chapter I • 1900 – 194117THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II1900 – 1941The “discovery” of China by the Portuguese, the events leading up to the Opium Wars, and the cession of Hong Kong to the British by the Chinese is outlined in the first volume of The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong1. This second volume focuses on the everyday lives of the Portuguese who emigrated from Macau to the British Colony of Hong Kong. Some overlapping of the facts is unavoidable if only as the profile of the events that follow. Named after the Chinese Goddess Ah Ma, Macau was the home of the Portuguese settlers and their descendents for 442 years until it was returned to China on 20 December 1999.Sanctioned by the Chinese, the early Settlement of Macau under Portuguese rule known as Povoação do Nome de Deus na China (Settlement of the Name of God in China) grew quickly. Portuguese nationals from continental Portugal as well as Goa and Malacca came to benefit from opportunities in trading with the Chinese and engaging in the profitable Japan Trade. Many arrived with their Indian and Malay families and too soon to be joined by the progeny of Portuguese/Japanese unions from the golden years of the Japan Trade (1555-1640). Together with the inevitable intermarriage with the local Chinese in later years, they were the root of the early Portuguese community in China, the Macaense. Macau, as the centre of trade in China, saw a decline in trading opportunities after the expulsion of the Portuguese from Japan in 1640, ending the era of the “Kurofuné” (Black Ship) with Portugal. Up to that time, Macau had enjoyed being the broker of a forbidden trade between China and Japan. In addition, the menacing threat of the Dutch at sea and their intervention on land from Japan to Malacca created a danger that hastened to the downfall of the Portuguese monopoly of trading in China.The British who coveted the unique trade relationship between Portugal and China tried unsuccessfully to penetrate this monopoly in 1637 when Captain John Weddell forced his way to Canton but was soon compelled to withdraw. However, Britain’s persistence over the decades following eroded Portugal’s once tight grip on her complete dominance of European trade with the Chinese. By the early 19th Century Macau, which once enriched the coffers of the Crown in Portugal and exulted in the richness herself, receded to a backwater. This took place long before the outbreak of the Opium War in 1839. Britain now held the reins and many Portuguese residents of Macau by this time worked for the British and other European firms who soon joined them.Avarice was the reason that transformed opium from its medicinal use to the curse that enriched the foreigners dragging China into War with the malfeasant Europeans and British, the latter with her powerful navy. Though the Opium War (1839-1842) ignited when a merchant fleet anchored near the island of Hong Kong was attacked by armed Chinese Junks, it was nevertheless fuelled by the refusal of the Europeans to heed the Chinese Imperial Edict of 1729 banning the use of opium, except for medicinal purposes.1 The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong – A Pictorial History, Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses and Instituto Internacional de Macau, 2007.Chapter I
Chapter I • 1900 – 194118 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFor almost a century this edict failed to halt or even effectively control the trafficking of the drug. In 1839, the Chinese Emperor Tao Kwong appointed Lin Tse-hsu to enforce the imperial ban. Returning to Canton, the determined and overzealous commissioner confiscated over 20,000 chests of opium from the merchants. In the face of this sudden and forceful action, Captain Elliot, the British Superintendent of Trade at the time, realizing the severity of the situation, advised the Europeans to withdraw to Macau.2The stage was set for the British to seize Hong Kong as a first step in realizing their ulterior motive – the enforcement of direct British trade with China and the establishment of a permanent base from which she could control a new “imbalance of trade” subjected on the Chinese and the large profits it would bring. It was a case of the British forcing her unwanted goods on China to offset the cost of tea and silk, a much sought after commodity in Britain, yet opium still reigned supreme as it yielded the largest profits.Hong Kong was just over fifty years old by the beginning of the 20th Century. Claimed by the British in 1841, Hong Kong was ceded to the British by the Treaty of Nanking in 1842. The first group of Portuguese from nearby Macau moved in at the very outset of the foundation of the Colony and their British employers. With their ability to communicate in Cantonese and English, the Portuguese could liaise with the Chinese – a great asset to their British employers. Until that time, companies such as Gibb, Livingston & Company and Dent & Company were located in nearby Portuguese Macau. The cession of Hong Kong by the Chinese to the British saw not only the relocation of the British companies from Macau and Guangzhou (Canton), but also the establishment of many new British and International companies in the new British colony. Also playing an active part in the early business development of the new colony were the Parsees, Jews and Indians, at first as partners to British firms. Portuguese entrepreneurs such as Delfino Joaquim de Noronha, João Joaquim dos Remédios, Marcos Castilho do Rosario and Alfredo Francisco de Jesus Soares soon joined in and formed their own companies, however, American companies were slow to move into Hong Kong in the first four years after the Colony was established. These men and their families, among others, were the precursors of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong.Leonardo d’Almada e Castro and his brother José Maria d’Almada e Castro were also among the first Portuguese immigrants to land in Hong Kong. They distinguished themselves in the British Government of the new colony, with Leonardo appointed to the post of Colonial Secretary in 1854 but denied the opportunity because of his nationality. João and Henrique Hyndman, grandsons of Scottish born General Henry Hyndman, were also denied higher posts in the new government because their father did not retain his British citizenship. They “gained their Portuguese citizenship from their father, Captain Henry Hyndman, who served the East India Company in Singapore and resigned his commission to marry Antónia Josefa de Gamboa and to settle in Macau.”3The migration of Portuguese residents of Macau to Hong Kong was gradual in the beginning. However, it increased dramatically after the assassination of Governor João Maria Ferreira do Amaral in August 1849 and again in 1874 after Macau was battered by a great typhoon in September causing immense destruction and loss of life. “Estimated at five thousand lives, two thousand fishing and trading craft”4 according to Montalto de Jesus and “about 1,000 victims in Taipa and 400 in Coloane, although these numbers included those shipwrecked in the 300 boats lost”5 as stated in Cronologia da História de Macau.2 Bard, Solomon: Traders of Hong Kong: Some Foreign Merchant Houses, 1841-1899. Urban Council, Hong Kong, 1993. pp. 29-31.3 Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong – A Pictorial History, p. 18.4 Montalto de Jesus, C. A.: Historic Macao, 2nd edition 1926, reprinted by Oxford University Press, 1984. p. 423.5 Silva, Beatriz Basto da: Cronologia da História de Macau, Século XIX, Direcção dos Serviços de Educação e Juventude 1995. Vol. 3, p. 245.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194119THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe historian G. B. Endacott wrote: “A census held in 1876 showed that compared to the previous estimate of 1872, the population had increased by 121,985 to 139,114; the increase of 17, 159 was predominately Chinese for British adult males fell by eighty-six, and only the Portuguese influx after the 1874 typhoon kept the number of Europeans from falling.”6Most of the Portuguese in Hong Kong at that time lived in the enclave which they generally called Mato Morro (also known by some as of its former residents as Matamorro) on the island. Bounded by Glenealy, Robinson Road, Shelley Street and Caine Road they lived within walking distance of the Catholic Cathedral. Many also lived on Robinson Road adjacent to this enclave. Devout Catholics, their residences grouped around the cathedral where many attended Mass daily.The other advantage of living in Mato Morro was the proximity of the central business district where they worked and was accessible by foot from the relatively steep roads. A ten to fifteen minute walk downhill would take them to the place where they worked. Unfortunately the return uphill walk home would not be as easy after the very humid and hot afternoons in the summer. Accordingly, some rode sedan chairs (fah-kiew in Cantonese) that were carried by two coolies, one fore and the other aft of the sedan chair. 6 Endacott, G. B.: A History of Hong Kong, Second Edition, Oxford University Press 1964 (First published 1958). pp. 174-75.Noronha & Co at Wellington Street, Hong Kong[circa 1925]“Fah-Kiew” (sedan chair) in the foregroundExtreme Left: The China Mail at No. 5 Wellington Street Wah Tsz Yat Po (The Chinese Daily Mail, behind Noronha & Co)Extreme Right: Noronha & Co., at No. 3A Wellington StreetCourtesy: Wang Gangcollection
Chapter I • 1900 – 194120 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“Sedan chairs were used extensively; and I speak mainly of the Portuguese residents of Mato Morro. As an example, my aunts were regular users of this mode of transport to take them from our home in Conduit Road to church and back. In fact, the intersection of Caine Road and Glenealy (at the bottom of the hill from the Cathedral) there used to be a fair sized space reserved for sedan chair coolies to park their chairs and wait for a prospective fare.My Great-Uncle Joaquim (Joaquim Zeferino Baptista – 1870-1941) lived just above the Catholic Cathedral. Every morning his regular sedan chair would transport him from his flat, allow him to pause at the Cathedral so that he could say his morning prayers and then take him to his office at Jardine Matheson and Company and reverse the process at night.”7 Sedan chairs were a common form of transportation even up to the mid-1900s in Hong Kong. Rickshaws, on the other hand, did not appear in Hong Kong until the late 1800s but soon took over on the level roads of the Colony. Many families, of Kowloon in particular, had their preferred rickshaw coolie waiting for them at their doorsteps at designated times of the day for shopping or transportation to other destinations. Trusted rickshaw coolies would even take the children to school and pick them up afterwards. The use of rickshaws diminished in the early 1950s when public transportation was more available and private cars slowly became affordable.The community grew rapidly after the first thirty years. Life was simple then but they were in need of a place to congregate and socialize. With funds provided mainly by Delfino Noronha and João António Barretto, they built and inaugurated Club Lusitano on Shelley Street in 1866. As is evidenced by minutes of club meetings thirty-six years later, such meetings were conducted in Portuguese. By the end of the 19th Century the community had grown to the extent that in 1892 the Club’s Board of Directors approved the lease of Inland Lot No. 125 from the Crown.8 This was to be the site for the 2nd Club Lusitano. The foundation stone for the building on this Inland Lot location, renamed 16 Ice House Street, was set on 17 December 1920. This building was the centre of social life for the community and used as a shelter for many families during the Japanese invasion in 1941.As the community moved to Kowloon, a new club emerged on the other side of the harbour. Beginning as a co-operative savings society in 1905 it soon grew and was renamed “Club de Recreio” in 1906. In 1908 its members built a small clubhouse at the junction of Kimberley Road and Nathan Road with a billiard room and two tennis courts. In 1922 a larger site owned by the Hong Kong Government called the King’s Park Recreation Area was granted to the Portuguese community. Here a larger clubhouse was to be built with accompanying sports grounds. The new Club de Recreio building which still stands today was inaugurated on 4 February 1928 became the sporting and recreation centre of the Portuguese families.Schools too became an important part of this growing community. In 1860, on the island of Hong Kong, the Portuguese boys attended St. Saviour’s School, located on Pottinger Street. This all-boys school was just downhill from Mato Morro and vicinity where the majority of the Portuguese lived. Fifteen years later, in 1875, the De La Salle Christian Brothers founded St. Joseph’s College. The Portuguese boys subsequently transferred to this school which was located in Glenealy on the edge of Mato Morro. Almost immediately to the west, on Caine Road, was the Italian Convent School. Staffed by Canossian sisters from Italy this all-girls school was later renamed Sacred Heart School. 7 Baptista, Filomeno “Meno”: Letter to the Editor, Washington State, 20 October 2009.8 Club Lusitano Resolution passed on 12 April, 1892 signed by President A. G. Rosario.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194121THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Club Lusitano, Hong Kong, Resolution passed on 12 April, 1892 signed by President A. G. Rosario.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194122 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“The second generation of the Portuguese born and educated in Hong Kong spoke good English and many like my grandfather, Marciano Junior (1856-1931), passed their “School Leaving Certificate” exams at an early age – in his case, at 15. Although he had inherited his fa-ther’s artistic talent and was a noted amateur painter, he chose, unlike Senior, to find steady employment and went to work immediately upon graduation for the solicitors firm of Johnson Stokes and Masters where he remained until retirement 50 years later.His case is not unusual but typical for most of his contemporaries. It would be safe to say that ninety percent of his graduating class went to work for the many commercial firms located in the Colony. Higher education was not possible unless they were sent to England or until Hong Kong University (which had evolved from the Hong Kong College of Medicine founded in 1887) became available, but then only to a very tiny minority. As a teenage trainee he was paid a paltry salary, but if he was honest, worked hard and was respectful to his English superiors, he was assured of a job for life.”9Religion was an integral part of the lives of the Portuguese as it was for their ancestors from Macau. If at all possible they chose to live close to their parish church. Those in the Mato Morro area on Hong Kong Island lived close to the Roman Catholic Cathedral. In Kowloon however, residents of Tsimshatsui attended Rosary Church on Chatham Road whilst the residents of Homuntin, Prince Edward Road and Kowloontong went to St. Teresa’s Church on the corner of Waterloo Road and Prince Edward Road.Church processions were attended by a large number of Catholics, particularly the Portuguese. However, the annual Nosso Senhor dos Passos procession at the Cathedral during the Holy Week on the first Sunday of Lent was “very much a Portuguese thing” according to Theresa Yvanovich da Luz. She said that “parents would register their children with the Parish at birth to be one of the twelve ‘angels’ for the little girls, or ‘centurions’ for little boys. At the age of five or six they would have their onetime honoured experience in this special procession”.10As Hong Kong developed and grew as a business centre, so more British and Europeans flocked to the colony. The cooler properties on the lower slopes of Hong Kong Peak where Mato Morro was situated saw their rents increase making it less and less affordable for the clerical Portuguese staff to live there. Some areas of Hong Kong such as Hong Kong Peak were reserved for “non-Chinese”. On 26 April, 1904 an Ordinance was passed by the Legislative Council defining the reservation of the Hill District, “commonly known as ‘the Peak’ as a place of residence for persons other than Chinese.”“It shall not be lawful (save in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance) for any owner, lessee, tenant or occupier of any land or building within the Hill District to let such land or building or any part thereof for the purpose of residence by any but non-Chinese or to permit any but non-Chinese to reside on or in such land or building.”11Their reasoning: “the reservation of this district is desirable in order that a healthy place of residence may be preserved for all those who are accustomed to a temperature climate and to whom life in the tropics presents the disadvantage of an unnatural environment.”9 Baptista, Filomeno “Meno”: Letter to the author, 2 October 2009.10 Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da: Interview in Livermore, California, 26 October 2009.11 Hill District Reservation Ordinance: http://www.legco.gov.hk/1904/h040328.pdf.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194123THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Portuguese who lived on the lower slopes of the Peak were not discriminated against but unfairly the Chinese were. It should be noted here that there was an exception in one of the clauses of the Ordinance, but only “on such terms as the Governor-in Council shall think fit.” This left open the possibility for the Government to permit a very few of the more influential and affluent Chinese to become an exception to the rule.The growth of Kowloon with its lower housing costs and flat terrain attracted many families to move across the harbour. Kowloon expanded slowly as a residential area and it was not long into the early 1900s before many of the Portuguese from Hong Kong Island moved to Kowloon – first into the Tsimshatsui area then along Nathan Road to Homuntin and later into Kowloontong. The community settled into what could be called “ethnic clusters” – a unique phenomenon among the Hong Kong Portuguese where families enjoyed living reasonably “close” to one another. One cluster comprised the Salisbury Road and Ashley Road residents in Tsimshatsui; another, in and around Chatham Road near Rosary Church on Austin and Hillwood Roads, and yet another, in the Tung Cheong Building on Tak Hing Street near Jordan Road one block away from Nathan Road. In the northern part of Kowloon another cluster comprised the Homuntin area group on one side of Waterloo Road that occupied several blocks of residences with street names like Soares Avenue, Emma and Julia Avenues, Victory, Peace and Liberty Avenues. Homuntin, the “Garden City” was developed by Francisco Paulo de Vasconcellos Soares and completed in 1920. The streets were named after his wife Emma and daughter Julia with reference to the illusion of Victory, Peace and Liberty following World War I. Still in the Homuntin area but on the other side of Waterloo Road was another group of Portuguese families whose residences lined both sides of Homuntin Street. Further north on Prince Edward and Waterloo Roads another very large community resided, perhaps because of its proximity to St. Teresa’s, a prominent and distinctive Catholic Church in the area whose cross on its distinctive steeple was the highest point on Prince Edward Road. (See Appendix I for diagrammatic maps and lists of residents of Mato Morro, Tsimshatsui, Prince Edward Road and Homuntin.)Within a few years after World War II real estate was becoming prohibitively expensive and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation did not want to lose its Portuguese staff, some of whom were beginning to emigrate to other countries soon after the War. Sir Arthur Morse, the head of the Bank, authorised the construction of high-rise apartments named ‘Luso Apartments’, originally located at the northern end of College Road.Arturo “Archer” Larcina, a former officer of the Bank, detailed the accommodation. There were 20 apartments in each of the 3 buildings. 10 of these were 3 bedroom apartments in A Block and the rest were 2 bedroom units in B and C Blocks. After allocation to pre-War staff there were a few units left which were taken up as bachelors’ quarters by post-war staff in C block.12 The HSBC staff moved into these buildings in 1949.“With the introduction of jet airliners and due to their close proximity to Kai Tak Airport these high-rise apartment buildings became a hazard which dangerously impeded the landing approach of these large jet airliners to the airport. Therefore the Hong Kong Government compelled the HSBC to sell them the buildings. They then knocked down most of the floors only retaining two or three floors for the housing of ‘Government servants’. In exchange the Government allocated land at the top end of Waterloo Road in Kowloontong for the new ‘Bank Flats’.”13 12 Larcina, Arturo Maria ‘Archer’: Letter to the author, Toronto, Canada, 12 March 2010.13 Correa, João Bosco: Letter to the author, Victoria, Australia, 27 February 2010.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194124 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“Archer” recalls that in the records of HSBC the new residential apartments were still named Luso Apartments. It was the tenants, particularly those of the younger generation that referred to the new buildings as the ‘Bank Flats’. The move from Luso Apartments on College Road to the new Bank Flats at the end of Ede Road took place in1955.The 3 new buildings were still named A, B, and C Blocks. A 4th building, D Block, with 60 units was added a few years later to house the unmarried members of staff. The total number of residents is estimated at 520 which include about 130 in D Block which housed the single members of staff.“Archer” goes further to state that “the land allocated to the Bank for the building of the new Luso Apartments at Ede Road had a clause that required the property to remain as staff quarters for 25 years. This expired in 1968 after which the apartments were available for sale to the tenants at the going price with loans to staff for the purchase. These were individually owned units and as staff retired or left the bank’s employ they were then available for sale to the public.”“Billy” Soares another former Bank officer added, “When the buildings were completed bank employees who were selected to get an apartment were only charged 10% of their monthly salary. Regardless of what one was earning, the staff were given similar quarters for 10% of their salary. The selection process was conducted by the Portuguese Staff Association who had a committee with guidelines giving priority to those with seniority in service, their marital status, the number of children they had and other criteria which included job performance.”14This program was so successful that the Bank later built an additional block of apartments. When these were completed the scenario had changed; for following the second riot in Hong Kong in 1967 many Portuguese decided to leave the Colony and the Bank had difficulty in filling the apartments. Some decades later the Bank Flats were sold to the general public.For the Portuguese community, daily life in Hong Kong and Kowloon was comfortable and peaceful before World War II spilled into the Pacific with most families having at least one servant in the house and many with two or three and some even up to six or eight. Many families had male cooks, house boys to do the heavy work and male gardeners known as “fah-wongs”15 The servants, usually female, and known locally as amahs,16 cleaned, cooked and looked after the children. For obvious reasons they were known by the community as “cleaning amahs”, “cook amahs” and “baby amahs”. Some of the quaint and charming nicknames that many Hong Kong Portuguese still respond to today were conferred by amahs upon their wards by a simple mispronunciation of that child’s given first name. Nicknames such as “Anik” for Henrique was shortened from the mispronunciation of the last two syllables of the name to Ah-Nikki (the Chinese have difficulties rolling an “R” use the “L” sound) then shortened to “Anik”. The Chinese use of the prefix “Ah” before a name is very common in Cantonese – “Ah-Nui”, the daughter, Ah-Chai” the son, and so on. Other examples include “Nado” for Leonardo, “Jojo” for José and “Mico” for Marcus. The majority of amahs in those days wore black pongee17 trousers and a starched white cotton tunic. The amahs lived in the house and many who remained with the families in Hong Kong until their retirement were looked upon as surrogate mothers to the children. The families that had more than three or four servants usually had a man-servant to do the heavy work like gardening and lifting heavy items such as furniture and heavy packages.14 Soares, José Alexandre, “Billy”: Interview with the author at Walnut Creek, California, 18 November 2009.15 Fah-wong: Literally meaning “king of the flowers” were competent gardeners who took care of the garden, grew flowers and vegetables for the household.16 Amah: A term used for girl or woman employed as a domestic servant. In Portuguese Ama (from Medieval Latin Amma – mother) is a wet nurse, or house-keeper. In Cantonese Ah Ma also means “mother” and, depending on the intonation of the word, “grandmother”. 17 Pongee trousers: Pongee trousers are dark made of a soft thin Chinese silk usually left in its natural dark-brown color.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194125THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMost of the grocery shopping was done by the “cook amahs”, however, before the World War II different vendors would go to the people’s homes weekly to sell vegetables, fruits, live chickens, flowers, snacks, and other goods. Vegetables would be carried in two large open wicker baskets slung from a thick bamboo pole called “tam-kon” in Cantonese. The Merenda18 man, as they were known, would bring his snacks to the door and the chicken vendor would sell live chickens then slaughter them in the backyard ready for feather-plucking by the amahs. Until the mid-fifties there were still itinerant peddlers selling brooms calling out “my so-bah”, tinkers chanting their melodic “lan-tungh, lan teet” (literally damaged copper and iron) eliciting the purchase of scrap metal.It was quite common for lunch to be cooked by the amahs and then delivered by a manservant or brought by an individual to the office or school in a kak-tau19. At lunchtime the staff would sit in the back storage rooms or in the canteen to consume their meals, if the office or place of work had one. Rice, vegetables and a main meat or fish dish were usually served in these stacked receptacles. This practice stopped shortly after the Second World War for the majority of the Portuguese in Hong Kong.The era of European colonization quickly came to an end after the Second World War. It was as if the world grew up after the horrors of the War and the awareness that no nation should rule over another was at hand. Greed and power like a cancer would mutate and take another form now fed by technology, mass communication, mistrust and the misguided. It was the end of Portuguese rule too though they did not colonize any part of China. Simply put, their lease was up and it was time to leave. Unlike the long and bloody wars in Angola and Mozambique (1961-1974) which followed the loss of her Indian possessions, Goa, Daman and Diu in 1961, Portugal gave up Macau, the last of her colonies, with dignity in 1999, ending the era of her overseas empire.Hong Kong now became the base from which the Portuguese community in China emigrated to the rest of the world, particularly in the two decades between 1950 and 1970. To tell the story of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong after the War, one must look back. In retrospect, the beginnings of the Diaspora started with the first migrants from Macau to this tiny British colony. As the years passed following their migration from Macau to Hong Kong many Portuguese went on to settle in Shanghai and the Treaty Ports of Xiamen (Shameen or Amoy), Guangzhou (Canton), Fuzhou (Foochow), Shantau (Swatow) and Ningbo (Ningpo). Of these, Shanghai saw the largest Portuguese settlement in China outside of Macau and Hong Kong. This trend was to reverse as the region destabilized following the end of World War I with Japan ambitiously looking at economic expansion into neighbouring China.The Japanese expansion into China which began with their defeat of China over Korea in 1894-5 became a major threat when the Japanese army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria in 1931. This, the “Manchurian Incident’, was soon followed by another “incident’ in the city of Shanghai. The January 28 “Shanghai Incident” in 1932 between the Chinese and the Japanese was very unsettling but lasted just over a month culminating with the Shanghai Ceasefire Agreement signed between China and Japan a few months later.20 When hostilities broke out again in 1937 it was clear that this would be a long struggle. The “Battle of Shanghai” between these two countries lasted three months from the beginning of August to the beginning of November subsequently leading to The “Battle of Nanjing” (Nanking) and eventually to the War in the Pacific. Portuguese families not wanting to be caught in the jaws of the Japanese invasion following the Chinese defeat in Shanghai began to take refuge in Macau and Hong Kong, only to be uprooted again after the fall of Hong Kong in December 1941.18 Merenda: Portuguese meaning snacks or picnic lunch.19 Kak-tau: Vertically stacked interlocking (usually aluminum) personal food carrier with handle on top. Commercially, these were later named “tiffin” lunch boxes.
Chapter I • 1900 – 194126 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)27THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWhen the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, young men from the Portuguese community in the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) defended the colony and fought alongside British, Chinese, Eurasian, Canadian soldiers and troops from the Indian sub-continent. As stated in The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong: “Almost 300 Portuguese fought in those weeks before Christmas. By the end of the War, 26 lost their lives.”21The Volunteers were called up by telephone, radio, and runners on Sunday 7 December 1941. One scene from many describes the fare-wells which took place in Hong Kong on that bright sunny afternoon. Afonso and Gloria Barreto were spending the weekend at the family bungalow at Fanling. They had been married just over a year. Afonso’s hobby was tropical birds, and he had spent the morning introducing a newcomer to his aviary colony. He had watched it recover from its timidity until it became a fully fledged member of the bird community. Suddenly the telephone bell rang and Afonso took the call. Gloria Barreto continues: “Afonso came back rather slowly and said in a strained voice, ‘mobilisation’. I asked him when and he told me the Volunteers had to be in their places by 3 p.m. that afternoon.“Suddenly I felt an overwhelming sense of the inevitable. Not all our prayers, our hopes, our strivings, had been able to keep at bay the disaster which threatened our happiness, our homes, and our loved ones.“We said goodbye in our room and I am afraid I wasn’t very brave. Afonso put on his uniform and went away. In a few moments he returned. He had gone without his rifle. All the boys went off … my brother Bippo and many cousins. When we girls were left alone, we talked and talked, but none of us dared think.”22When the Japanese attacked the next morning, many Portuguese families took refuge with those who had larger homes and in Club Lusitano. Some Portuguese families were billeted at the Italian Convent. They were forced to move to the Club when a bomb destroyed the centre of that boarding school. During the battle, the ground floor of Club Lusitano was used as the headquarters of the Portuguese No. 6 Light Anti-Aircraft Company of the HKVDC commanded by Captain Henrique “Darkie” Botelho. Several families slept on the floor of the library and the reading room on the floor above. According to Theresa Yvanovich da Luz “the ballroom on the top floor where all the bathrooms were located, was considered too dangerous for families to stay in because of bombs dropped by the Japanese. When the air-raid siren sounded everyone on the top floor had to move down to the middle floor.” 23 Theresa’s family took refuge in the Club from 17 December 1941 to 8 January1942.Sadly the Portuguese lost 26 men. Of these there were four brothers from the Reed family: Francis (aged 28), Arthur aged (33), Stephen (aged 32), and Edgar (aged 38). Several others died in the Shumshuipo Prisoner of War Camp and Sendai Camp in Japan. Private Manuel Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)21 Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong – A Pictorial History, Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses and Instituto Internacioanl de Macau, 2007. p. 29.22 J. Luff, The Hidden Years Hong Kong 1941-1945, p. 15.23 Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da: Interview with the author in Livermore, California, 26 October 2009.Chapter II
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)28 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIG. Prata HKVDC together with Lieutenant Joseph R. Haddock (HKRNVR) were arrested by the Japanese “Kempeitai” on 1 July 1943 in Argyle Camp as part of the British Army Aid Group cell operating in the camp. They were taken away and Manuel Prata died on 14 September 1943 under interrogation.24 His name is included on the BAAG’s Roll of Honour, one of 96, most of whom were tortured to death.25Hong Kong fell to the Japanese on Christmas Day, 25 December 1941. The British soon found that they had completely underestimated the Japanese as they did in Singapore. British troops fought valiantly but could not hold on, despite Winston Churchill urging them to do so.After the surrender of the Colony the families of the Portuguese in Hong Kong were separated and categorized in three ways: (i) Those becoming Prisoners of War of the Japanese, (ii) those who chose to remain in Hong Kong and, (iii) those who sought refuge in Macau. The prisoners had to endure loneliness, misery, malnutrition and sometimes the brutality of their captors. The families who remained behind and staying in Hong Kong for the duration of the War were afraid to leave their homes unprotected from looters and sought news of their loved ones in camp. Those in the relative peace and tranquillity of Macau knew nothing of what those in Hong Kong were going through. The latter, though living in poverty and despite some assistance of the Portuguese Government in Macau, were however, safe and out of harm’s way. This too applied to those with British papers who were subsidised by the British consulate in Macau.The Portuguese who were not imprisoned and those families who did not stay during the Occupation were fortunate that Portugal was not involved in the War and that Macau, Portuguese territory, was just across the mouth of the Pearl River, some 40 miles away.“Not all Hong Kong Portuguese chose to leave for Macau then. There was a reluctance on the part of many to abandon their homes to looters and thieves. There were some who had husbands and sons in POW camps and wanted to be nearby to send in food parcels. There were others with enough cash or jewellery to sell to see them through the hard times. No one could tell how long the war would last.”26“António José ‘Bobby’, Reinaldo Luís ‘Rennie’ and José António ‘Spuddy’, the three sons of Stella da Motta who resided on the 3rd floor of an apartment building in Austin Road in Kowloon, armed themselves with whatever they could find to ward off looters who tried to break into their building. They not only reported seeing Japanese soldiers fire at looters in and around their area but were actually involved in several incidents warding off looters.”27Theresa Yvanovich who married Flavio da Luz after the War said that the Japanese took over the area from Prince Edward Road and Argyle Street to Kowloon Hospital and all along Waterloo Road, closing it off for the use of their officers. They confiscated everything in the houses for their own use.After the fighting, looters ran rampant stripping the houses and apartments of all fittings down to and including the floorboards which they sold for firewood. Pui Ching Middle School at the corner of Waterloo Road and a path, later Pui Ching Road, was used by the Japanese Gendarme as their headquarters making the Homuntin area quite safe from looters.24 T. Banham, We Shall Suffer There. Hong Kong’s Defenders Imprisoned, 1942-1945, p. 136.25 E. Ride, BAAG: Hong Kong Resistance 1942-1945, p. 331. 26 Silva, Frederic A. “Jim”: Things I Remember, Self-Published, San Francisco, California, 1999. p. 23.27 McDougall, Gerald “Gerry”: Letter to the author, Dublin, California, 12 October 2009.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)29THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Stuart Braga | collectionThe Portuguese had to carry their identity passes at all times. As Third Nationals they were permitted free passage until curfew which lasted from dusk till dawn. Above is a Third National Pass issued to Jean Braga in 1944. Third Nationals were civilians of countries not at war with Japan. Holders were required to carry their pass at all times, which accounts for the crumpled nature of this pass. Jean lived throughout the war in Hong Kong, and succeeded in preserving her family’s home from looting.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)30 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIEventually some befriended the Japanese soldiers who would tell them when the prisoners from the Shumshuipo Camp would go to Kai Tak as work parties. This gave them a chance to see and sometimes speak to their loved ones from about twenty feet away. In the months immediately following the fall of Hong Kong, schools were closed. Theresa, who did not leave for Macau until late 1943, said that St. Mary’s School in Chatham Road, Kowloon, reopened in the autumn of 1942 and both girls and boys from the Portuguese community who lived in Homuntin walked several miles to school every day. The walk on the unpaved path along the railway line took them from Homuntin, through King’s Park. They then walked past Club de Recreio on Gascoigne Road, to another path between the Kowloon Cricket Club on Cox’s Road and Gun Club Barracks, to St. Mary’s School, at the end of Austin Road close to the intersection of Chatham Road. Those in the group that she can remember included “Al”, “Bob” and “Chappy” d’Almada Remedios, Irene Osmund, her younger brother Carlos “Calau” Yvanovich, Therese and Bernadine Remedios. Theresa Yvanovich graduated with honours and a certificate from the school presented to her as a student of a Third National country as she was Portuguese.28 Japanese, which was one of the subjects shown in the certificate was an obligatory language and not of her choice.In 1943, Portuguese civilians were harassed by the Japanese Kempeitai (Japanese Gestapo). They began to round up members of the Portuguese Residents’ Association taking them to the prison in Stanley for interrogation under torture. Bosco Correa, who lived in Hong Kong throughout these terrible years, tells the story of what happened. “The Portuguese Residents’ Association (PRA) was established in the months following the Japanese Occupation. Its purpose was to assist in the distribution of bread, rice and sugar supplied by the Japanese to the Portuguese community. The Association had various zonal centres: three in Kowloon and one on Hong Kong Island. Its committee was made up of the leaders of the various local Portuguese clubs and associations. The first relief centre in Kowloon was at Tsimshatsui in Granville Road with Frank Barnes in charge. The second was at Tung Cheong Building under the supervision of Marcus da Silva, while at No. 6 Peace Avenue, Fernando d’Almada Remedios was responsible for the third area which covered Homuntin, Mongkok, Kowloontong and Kowloon City. Fernando was assisted by members of his family including his brother, Francisco Xavier “Paco” d’Almada Remedios, his sister-in law “Ali” Osmund and others. The Hong Kong Island centre was in Club Lusitano where the president was in charge.Interestingly the bread was supplied by the ‘Goan29 Bakery’ situated in Nathan Road in Tsimshatsui at the site of the present Hyatt Regency Hotel. The operators of this Goan Bakery were natives of Goa, who were former Star Ferry ticket inspectors. We of course had to pay for all our rations! These PRA centres lasted for about a year or so. With the vast evacuation of the Portuguese community to Macau the Japanese ceased their rations to us and instead issued us with ration cards for us to line up for hours at a public distribution centre in the northern end of Cumberland Road in Kowloontong for rice rations only. The Japanese later accused members of the Portuguese Residents’ Association of working with British Intelligence (British Army Aid Group, also known as BAAG). Many of its members who were still in HK were arrested and tortured. Among those were Fernando and 28 Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da: Interview in Livermore, California, 26 October 2009.29 Goan: Natives of Goa, India. A former Portuguese overseas territory, Goa was annexed by India in 1961.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)31THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Theresa Maria Yvanovich da Luz | collection
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)32 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPaco Remedios, Marcus da Silva (Tung Cheong Centre), Henrique Barros (Tsimshatsui) and many others who happened to be residing in Club Lusitano at the time. We were told that the Japanese believed that PRA was the reverse abbreviation of ARP or Air Raid Precaution which was the British Civil Defence unit in Hong Kong to which many of the PRA committee members had belonged and in which they held senior posts during the hostilities.30Members of the Portuguese Residents’ Association were not the only ones singled out by the Japanese Kempeitai. They also arrested senior Portuguese members of the HKSBC. Among those incarcerated was Luís “Luigi” Sousa who was arrested in 1943 for smuggling news received from an illegal shortwave radio to British members of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. He was imprisoned in Stanley Prison, tortured, tried and sentenced to death. However, the sentence was later commuted to 15 years imprisonment.31 Others apprehended were Francisco Cecílio “Frankie” Collaço, Fernando Eduardo d’Almada Remedios and his brother Francisco Xavier “Paco”. Carlos Henrique “Henry” Basto was arrested during a game of bridge at Club Lusitano. He was accused of espionage, imprisoned then beheaded by the Japanese. Henrique Basto and Peter Norman Rosario are two more whose names are recorded in the British Army Aid Group’s ‘Roll of Honour’ among its members who paid the supreme sacrifice.32 In addition to Henrique Basto two of his brothers Bernadino “Baby” and Eduardo were also arrested. Eduardo’s wife Maude was also arrested in connection with “Luigi” Sousa’s case. She was “Luigi” Sousa’s sister-in-law and assisted him by taking down in shorthand the illegal news broadcasts and then typing it out for him to pass on to members of the British bank staff who were then interned in one of the dingy harbour front hotels.I can also remember José Alvares who was taken from his home in Homantin Street by the Kempeitai. In the Club Lusitano raid the arrest of Jack Alves and Edward da Roza also come to mind. Marcus da Silva, one of the first arrested, was later released and went to Macau where he made his way to free China and joined the BAAG there. Another who also went to Free China from Macau and joined the BAAG was Dr. Horácio Ozorio who held the rank of Captain.”33Listed on pages 30-31 of the first volume of this book are the names of more who suffered under the Japanese. Philippe “Pito” Yvanovich Sr. and his son Guilherme António, also known as “Bill” or “Avichi” who was then 18 years old, were both tortured – the father tortured to death suffering a cracked skull and the son driven mad. Bill eventually recovered but his father “Pito” did not. His son Philippe, named after his father, wrote a book on his memoirs of his experiences as a prisoner of war in the Shumshuipo Camp in Kowloon. In it he describes his father and brother’s arrest and torture:“Bill was released two weeks later after suffering severe torture, including his wrists (and ankles) tied with wire, which cut to the bone, and burns to his back from a hot iron.He was carried home on the back of Wilfred Lawrence who had also been arrested but not so ill-treated. They could see triangular shapes on Bill’s back and his skin was peeling off and rotting.”3430 Correa, João Bosco: Letter to the author, Victoria, Australia, 15 February 2010.31 “Luigi” Sousa was one of a large group arrested for this ‘offence’. Thirty-three were executed brutally, though “Luigi” Sousa survived. Another survivor was William J. Anderson, whose statement, made in October 1945, detailed the atrocity. G. Wright-Nooth with M. Adkin, Prisoner of the Turnip Heads, pp. 179-188.32 E. Ride, BAAG: Hong Kong Resistance 1942-1945, pp. 331-2. Peter Rosario died on 7 September 1943 and Henry Basto on 31 August 1944.34 Yvanovich, Philippe: My Wartime Experience, December 1941-December 1945 (Corporal 3625). Self-published 2009, pp. 56-57.33 Correa, João Bosco: Letter to the author, Victoria, Australia, 15 February 2010.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)33THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAccording to Philippe’s sister Theresa, her father “Pito” went to Macau several times to arrange for his teen-age children, Theresa and her younger brother Carlos “Calau”, to take refuge there. During these visits the British Consul in Macau asked “Pito” to take “sums of money to Hong Kong for the personal use of British civilians interned in Stanley. The money was to be delivered to the widow of his boss who was ill and had been moved to the French Hospital. When my father, accompanied by my sister Lolly delivered the money to the lady, she in turn asked him to deliver parcels to her son, incarcerated in the Shumshuipo POW camp. My family believes that our father “Pito” accepted the risky task of bringing the money to Hong Kong out of loyalty to the memory of his boss who was killed in the battle of Hong Kong, not realizing that this, coupled with his and his son Bill’s connection with the Portuguese Residents’ Association, would add to the suspicion of the Japanese.”35 Father and son were later compromised by Chinese informer George Wong who was an operative for the Japanese.After the Japanese surrendered, George Wong was arrested and charged with 36 overt acts of high treason. An article in the Hong Kong newspaper at the beginning of the trail gave some details. Laura Maria “Lolly” Yvanovich’s testimony stated:“Wong said he was supposed to arrest my father . . . He said a spy ring was active in Hong Kong and he wanted to know if my father knew who was connected with it, particularly Portuguese, as he was out to break it up.Miss Yvanovich said her father was arrested on 12 January 1944. A month later she met Wong who told her that her father was well and asked why her father had made trips to Macao the year before. She told him it was for business reasons in connection with John D. Hutchison & Co. ‘I have not seen my father since his arrest,’ she concluded. . . . Guilherme António Yvanovich, brother of the last witness, said that during the occupation he worked as assistant to his father with the Portuguese Residents’ Association. . . . ‘A fortnight after my father’s arrest Wong sent for me to visit him at 6 Peace Avenue, Homuntin. I was then controller of that district. Wong was there with a Japanese and asked me for a list of Portuguese residents in Kowloon. He took me to the Nathan Hotel where I typed out a list.’ ”36Two months after his arrest Philippe “Pito” Yvanovich died of head wounds. A witness in that same article on the George Wong trial, Sheik Kassim Khan, testified that:“. . . before the war he was employed by Hongkong Electric and after the occupation continued there until 11 January 1944 when he and 30 employees were arrested by gendarmes. He was taken to Stanley Prison and in February was in the hospital when he saw P. A. Yvanovich with his head bandaged. In March he saw Yvanovich carried out on a stretcher dead.”37After the Japanese surrender their sister Laura “Lolly”, one of the steno-typists brought over from Macau by the Hong Kong Administration to work for the Commodore-in Charge of Hong Kong, searched for her father’s grave.35 Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da: Interview in Livermore, California, 26 October 2009.36 South China Morning Post (SCMP) & the Hongkong Telegraph (HKT): Front page - Monday, 8 April 1946.37 South China Morning Post & the Hongkong Telegraph: Ibid.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)34 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“ …I took the opportunity to request permission to go to Stanley Prison to try to find Dad’s grave. This was only a few weeks after the surrender and transport was extremely short, but Commodore Bush was very kind and that same afternoon gave orders for a staff car and two young lieutenants to take Tina (Tina Gonsalves, a friend) and myself to Stanley. We were able to find a Chinese cook who had served under the Japs and could read ‘Katakana’38 and also an Indian guard, and between us we stumbled through mounds (graves) in a little plot overgrown with tall grass, reading the dates, gender and nationality from the strip boards stuck on each grave. As I could not find one with the exact date as given to me by the Japs when they told us of Dad’s death, I marked two nearest to the date I was given. A couple of years later when the Graves Commission moved all the graves to Chai Wan, Mom and I were called to identify the two graves I had marked. The first one turned out to be a male, young, with all his teeth, so we knew it was not our Dad. The second grave seemed to us to be correct because there was a nasty crack in the skull and no teeth (Dad had dentures) and the mortician said it was that of a middle-aged man. We claimed the second and buried him in our Yvanovich plot in Happy Valley.”39When the War ended justice followed swiftly and George Wong was soon taken into custody. “Wong trembled with fear when arrested…” headlined the front page of the South China Morning Post and Hongkong Telegraph.“Eduardo d’Almada Remedios, of 6 Peace Avenue, told the court that on October 4, 1945, he was acting as an interpreter for 44 Commando (44th Royal Marine Commandos). On that day he accompanied Captain Lee, police officers and commandos to 795 Nathan Road . . . where he found Wong hidden in a room under firewood and dry grass. He was trembling and appeared very frightened.”40 George Wong was brought to trial at the Supreme Court on April 1, 1946. The President of the Court was Leo d’Almada e Castro and the prosecutor Marcus da Silva.In prosecuting George Wong, Marcus da Silva said: “I could plead with impassioned oratory for revenge . . . I could remind you that the screams of George Wong’s victims ran through these corridors…”41 In passing judgment the President of the Court, Leo d’Almada e Castro addressed George Wong:“To some, it may seem fitting that retribution should overtake you in this very building where you assisted your Japanese masters in the perpetration of cruelties, inflicting misery not only on victims but upon their dear ones who are not here…” It was most appropriate that in court were lawyers whose families were among Wong’s victims. “Eddie’s father Fernando Eduardo d’Almada Remedios and his uncle Francisco Xavier ‘Paco’ d’Almada Remedios together with Marcus da Silva and many others were victims of George Wong and suffered under his hands!”42George Wong was found guilty of 36 acts of treason and was hanged in Stanley Prison on the morning of 10 July 1946. As the War raged on in the Pacific, Hong Kong was of no strategic importance. It saw no action in the many battles that were fought in 38 Katakana is a Japanese syllabary – a writing system based on syllables. Katakana is one of the three Japanese writing scripts along with hiragana and kanji.39 Alves, Laura “Lolly” Yvanovich: Letter to her sister Theresa dated 13 October 1998, copy given to the author.40 South China Morning Post and Hongkong Telegraph on Monday, Vol. II No. 423, dated 8 April 194642 Correa, João Bosco: Letter to the author Victoria, Australia, 27 February 2010.41 Luff, John: The Hidden Years, p. 211-212.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)35THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIthe retaking of Japanese occupied territory in the almost four years since the attack on Pearl Harbour. Its significance as a centre of trade and commerce in the gateway to China was put on hold, however, the importance of money transcends even the grips of war.José “Billy” Soares who worked in the Hongkong Bank during the Japanese Occupation told of the little known bank operations following the British surrender of the Colony. 43“Before the War the head office of the Bank was on Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon office located in the same building as the Peninsula Hotel. All international work including import-export was done in the Hong Kong office whereas the Kowloon office only did local transactions. The Current Accounts section was divided into three or four sections, separated alphabetically. The Chinese had their own section with their own separate ledgers. The Portuguese staff, especially the ledger keepers, had to memorise all the signatures of the Current Account customers. This would come to be useful later during the Japanese Occupation when the Japanese would manage the banks and their operation.When Hong Kong surrendered on Christmas Day 1941 all the banks were closed. It was only after a few months after the Occupation that they opened again. The Japanese decided to liquidate the banks so they put out a notice that the banks would reopen for withdrawal of funds from Current Accounts with a limit of 5% of the customer’s balance. The Bank was reopened as the ‘Hongkong Bank in Liquidation by the Japanese’. Members of staff who were not Prisoners of War were asked to return to the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank to work during the few days a week that the bank would be open. The British civilian staff who were interned in Stanley Camp were asked to return. Knowing the operation and having memorized the signatures of the customers, the Portuguese were encouraged to return also. The expatriate ‘foreign staff’ were taken out of Stanley and housed in Chinese hotels under guard, whereas the Portuguese could return to their own homes.All Hong Kong currency withdrawn from the Bank had to be converted to Japanese Military Yen at a value initially of two Hong Kong Dollars to One Military Yen and soon after, four Hong Kong Dollars to one Military Yen. All the cash in the vault after the withdrawals of the permitted 5% was depleted. Not because the Japanese helped themselves to the cash as they paid the funds out, but because the amount of cash in the vaults was soon emptied out due to the withdrawals.Apparently there were some Japanese officers who knew something about banking as they managed the Bank. Hongkong Bank, Mercantile Bank and Chartered Bank had been the note issuing banks in Hong Kong – Hongkong Bank being the principal one. The notes were printed in England then shipped to Hong Kong. These notes were printed with a lithographed signature on one side and a space for a hand-written signature on the other which would be signed manually by a member of the British staff before the issuance of the notes. During the Japanese Occupation the Hongkong Bank had a stock of these unissued notes stacked in their holds. After the depletion of the notes in the bank vaults, the Japanese coerced the British staff to sign these new notes legitimizing them for issue. The new issues were called ‘new notes’ as opposed to ‘old notes’ and one could tell which was which by the texture of the note. They were also called ‘duress notes’ as the notes were signed under duress. Though valued at the set amount of Military Yen they held different values in the market as some feared that the ‘duress notes’ would be worthless after the War. There was no rate of exchange between the old and new Dollars, but the Chinese money changers offered their own values for the notes. For example, in Macau ten Macau Patacas would be worth twenty old 43 Soares, José Alexandre, “Billy”: Interview with the author at Walnut Creek, California, 18 November 2009.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)36 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHong Kong dollars but new notes were worth only a tenth as much. Those who gambled buying the new notes waited anxiously after the Japanese surrender hoping that the reinstated Hong Kong government and the banks would honour the new notes. Their gamble paid off and they made a lot of money as a result.”At considerable personal risk fifteen or twenty Portuguese staff were made to copy the ledgers during the Occupation using thin paper and very small print. Billy Soares does not know what happened to those copies, but as far as he knows the original pre-War current account ledgers remained in the Bank and were not smuggled out to Macau for safekeeping as rumoured. Soares remained in Hong Kong working for the Bank for about two years during the Japanese occupation then went to Macau in late 1943 or early 1944. In the early months of 1942 the Governor of Macau, Gabriel Teixeira, welcomed several boatloads of refugees from Hong Kong. “Paradoxical as it may sound, it is nevertheless true that never was the name of Portuguese at a greater premium in Hong Kong than immediately after its surrender to the Japanese. People whose only claim to have anything Portuguese in them lay in that they had eaten Portuguese sardines, clamoured for Portuguese Identity Cards. Others of Portuguese descent, and who had previously been at pains to conceal their origin, now openly wore arm-bands bearing the Portuguese colours. All of them sought refuge in Macao, the only place on the China Coast where the Union Jack flew uninterruptedly throughout the Pacific War. The War is now over. Those Pseudo-Portuguese have successfully eliminated all trace of the sardine from their systems. The others have gone back to their former pretence and have resumed their false colours.”44The local Macau population, though sympathetic with their plight, had similar misgivings. Heretofore a longstanding and subtle rivalry between the Hong Kong Portuguese and their brethren from Macau had existed – perhaps the root cause being an air of superiority assumed by some Hong Kong Portuguese who had elected to give up their Portuguese nationality by becoming British subjects. This was perceived by their Macau counterparts as being looked down upon. This rivalry had now become a matter of concern and one that had to be dealt with as it began to affect the relationship between Macau Portuguese residents and the refugees from Hong Kong. Few from Hong Kong spoke Portuguese and though many Macau residents spoke some English, the gap was always there.To make things worse, a dress code was soon posted at the entrance of the places of worship and directed at the more relaxed attitudes of refugees from Hong Kong. The edict required that shorter skirts and sleeveless dresses worn in Hong Kong were now forbidden and ladies were required to cover their heads with veils during church services. These poor souls who fled with what they had, in reality, just did not have the funds to purchase clothing to conform to local customs and many resented being told how to dress and what to do. Though many Macau families befriended those from Hong Kong, their underlying differences were very apparent.Theresa Yvanovich da Luz, a refugee herself, recollects that “the refugees were housed in several centres: Hotel Bela Vista, Teatro Dom Pedro V, Grémio Militar, Armacão (da família Remédios), Bairro Tamagnini Barbosa, Canidromo, Ilha Verde, etc. Dependants of each Hong Kong Portuguese in prisoner of war camps received 44 d’Almada e Castro, Leonardo “Leo”: Some Notes on the Portuguese in Hong Kong – Speech by Leo d’Almada e Castro, K.C. at Club Lusitano, Hong Kong under the auspices of Instituto Português de Hong Kong (Secção de História) Printed by Imprensa Nacional de Macau, 1949.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)37THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II30 Patacas a month from the British Consulate in Macau and rations from the Macau Government like oil, rice and bread. That did not buy very much as food was scarce and expensive. However, at great risk, Chinese fishing junks were able to dodge Japanese patrol boats to provide the local merchants with rice, vegetables, fruits and other necessities from China. Food was not plentiful and was rationed. The majority of the Portuguese had to adopt Chinese food as the basis of their daily meal, with rice and vegetables as the mainstay of their food source.” 45Her sister, Palmira “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano, remembers that “to survive the women had to sell their jewellery. When they sold their jewellery to buy food, the jewellery was bought by Chinese women with baskets and scales.”46 She also remembers “shark meat and vegetables. Shark meat was only available when the weather was good. The only rice available was rough rice filled with weevils.”The refugee population of Macau soared and the schools overflowed. The Salesian Orphanage which already housed and fed about 400 children saw an increase of another 300 students in their classrooms. The Asilo for abandoned children which started in October 1942 received almost 600 children, most of them Chinese. They had to be housed in a separate building from the 600 they were already caring for. Some of the children of the refugees went to Escola de Refugiados (school of the refugees) located in the same building as the Kindergarten for the local Portuguese at Flora. The teachers who taught Portuguese, Mathematics and English included Amália Brandão Marques, Deolinda Savado Alves, Eulália d’Eça and Sheila Rodrigues. So as not to conflict with the kindergarten which used the school in the morning, the classes started at 12.30 PM and ended at 3.30 PM.47The Irish Jesuits started Colégio de São Luís Gonzaga so the young men from Hong Kong could continue their schooling in English. This school encouraged monthly debates which included speakers such as Fr. Albert Cooney, S.J., Jack Braga, Leo d’Almada e Castro, Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales and Dr. Horácio L. Ozorio, among others.There was little to do to pass the time. The refugees visited each other in their Centres, the youth walked everywhere as Macau was only about three miles wide and four miles from the southern tip to the barrier gate (Portas do Cerco) in the north. Several times a year they would gather for special events such as plays by the Amateur Dramatic Group. On 12 February 1945 they enjoyed the last performance by this refugee dramatic group in Macau in a production written and produced by Ren da Silva with music directed by Art Carneiro and stage settings by Al Alvares. “Lunatics’ Lullaby”, a musical, featured a large cast of talented former residents of Hong Kong including the singing group “The Starlettes”. Forty miles away the young men, sons, fathers and husbands of many refugees lingered in prisoner of war camps. They could only look back at what happened and think of those so near, yet so far. After the British surrendered to the Japanese on 25 December 1941 the soldiers laid down their arms and were sent to Murray Barracks. A week after that the estimated 800 prisoners of the HKVDC were herded, shipped to Kowloon, and marched from the Star Ferry pier via Nathan Road to Shumshuipo Camp in Kowloon; of those there were 234 Portuguese. There they joined British and Allied troops who had arrived earlier. That was to be their world for the almost four years that followed.45 Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da: Interview with the author 1996 and reconfirmed on 10 November 2009. Walnut Creek, California.46 Gosano, Palmira “Pam” Yvanovich: Notes on a conversation with Stuart Braga at Hurstville, NSW, Australia on 16 December 2009, sent to the author.47 Marques, Amália Brandão: Notes written for the author at the 2nd Reunion of the Macau born Portuguese residing in the San Francisco Bay Area at 381 Los Cerros Drive, Greenbrae, California, 19 June 1993.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)38 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)39THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILuigi Ribeiro, a private in a Field Ambulance unit recounts the conditions of the camp which had formerly served as a barracks for the British Army48:“The Volunteers found out that the Nissan huts to which they were assigned were devoid of window frames and doors, these having been ripped off by the looters. As army iron framed beds were unavailable, the Volunteers slept on the cold, unfriendly concrete floors in the soiled clothing they had worn when they were marching into captivity.Many had to share a single army horse blanket between two for extra warmth. The cold, piercing north winds whistled unimpeded through the bare window and door openings for the remainder of the long wintery months that lay ahead.…the latrine situated a good distance from the men’s quarters near the electrified barbed wire perimeter was patrolled by armed guards and fierce Alsatian dogs with strict orders to shoot and kill anyone trying to escape.At the beginning, POWs marched from Shumshuipo camp to Kai Tak (POWs were supplying slave labour to extend the runway at Kai Tak Airport)… POW wives, sweethearts and friends lined themselves at strategic points along the set route of the march hoping to catch a fleeting glimpse of their imprisoned dear ones, and, if possible, convey by hand signals some message of hope. But when detected this annoyed the guards, sometimes with serious consequences to the culprits who were beaten before the eyes of the POWs. . . .Due to the starvation diet, vitamin deficiency disease began to manifest themselves, the most common being beri-beri, pellagra, tachycardia, and a variety of skin diseases such as scabies, etc. A much dreaded affliction was a form of neuritis, aptly named by the men as “electric” feet and hands. It made sleep difficult because of the constant shooting pains. . . . Diphtheria and bacillary dysentery were the two epidemics which broke out around September and October 1942 to which hundreds in the camp succumbed. . . . In the first year of internment 352 men died of various diseases …”The situation was not bleak all the time. The Japanese captors recognized that the morale of the prisoners had to be maintained to ensure peace and harmony existed within the camp. According to Luigi Ribeiro open air band concerts by the combined brass bands of the various regiments in Shumshuipo were permitted after the first few months of captivity, Red Cross parcels first arrived at the camp toward the end of the first year, in November 1942, and musical variety shows put on by the Portuguese prisoners began in early 1943. “Necessity being the mother of inventions, wigs were made from string of rice sacks, sexy evening dresses from mosquito nets. The stage scenes were conjured up by the extraordinary genius of improvisation, CSM Marciano (‘Naneli’) Baptista.”49Philippe Yvanovich, one of the actors and singer of the variety shows remembers it starting when“The Canadians put on a show in their lines (huts) and invited several of us to the show. In this group was Naneli Baptista, Tony Alves and myself. Talking among us later, we thought we could do better. We decided to do a Variety show. The Japs had allowed musical instruments from families. Ely Elves got his violin. We made a small stage by putting four iron beds together and covered it with blankets. . . . The show was so successful we were told to do a show for the camp. So was born Café Casanova.”5048 Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Filipe “Luigi”: The POW Memoirs of a Private and a Gentleman, Lusitano Bulletin, Volume 6, No. 4, Winter 1997, p. 26.49 Ibid.50 Yvanovich, Philippe: My Wartime Experience, December 1941-December 1945 (Corporal 3625). Self-published 2009, pp. 12-13.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)40 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAfter the War Marciano Francisco de Paula “Naneli” Baptista was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in recognition of his effort to keep up the morale of his fellow prisoners in Shumshuipo POW Camp during the Japanese occupation. When he died in 1957 he was buried with full military honours. David Bosanquet, writing in his book “Escape Through China – Survival After the Fall of Hong Kong” credits Victor Nunes, a Portuguese member of the HKVDC, of getting the former’s boots repaired by a shoemaker by way of his wife thus enabling him to escape Shumshuipo and make his arduous 1000-mile trek through China to Chungking on foot, by barge and by truck. Nunes, on hearing that Bosanquet was planning an escape, managed to smuggle the latter’s boots to his wife Carmen when she came to deliver a food package to her husband. Being a Portuguese subject Mrs. Nunes was allowed limited access to the Camp. Bosanquet writes: “… when the guards were being particularly bloody-minded, we would create a diversion……… In this way Victor Nunes got my shoes out of the camp to his wife to have them repaired. The shoes were vital to my future plans. Victor threw them over the wire into the middle of the road and let them lie there for a while until the guard’s attention was distracted. The shoes were then safely picked up (by Victor’s wife Carmen). Some three weeks later Victor Nunes received them back in a parcel, carefully repaired.”51David Bosanquet and Victor Nunes had known each other as both were employed by Jardine Matheson before the outbreak of war. Victor’s son Manuel related that after the War, Bosanquet and both his parents had a joyous and emotional reunion in London, courtesy of the grateful escapee.In April 1942, the Japanese transferred the bulk of the officer corps from Shumshuipo to another camp on Argyle Street in Kowloon and in September, five months later, the first draft of those selected for slave labour in Japan departed the camp. There were to be five or six drafts, the second of which resulted in the tragic sinking of the Lisbon Maru by the US Navy where some 850 British POWs lost their lives. The Portuguese prisoners were sent to the coal mines of Sendai in north-eastern Japan. Cicero Rosario, who was sent to Sendai on the 4th draft in August 1944, recalls that the ship was full of flies and“the sleeping quarters were up against the sides of the ship about four feet above the waterline. You had to sleep side-by-side with your knees bent up as you only had three feet from your head to your toe. . . . When dinner time came, one hand was used to shoo the flies from the mess tin, while the other hand held the spoon. It didn’t matter if you chewed up a few flies as well. You would have to be a magician to shoo all of them away.”52Upon arrival on an island in southern Japan they were ferried to the mainland then transported by train to their final destination in Kyushu. Private Rosario remembers:“The first time we went down to this condemned mine (Yoshima Coal Mine) it was dim and eerie. Pneumatic drills made a lot of noise – really scary the first week. We had to learn to cut and chop different sizes of wood to prop up the ceiling, and the sides as we went deeper. 51 Bosanquet, David: Escape Through China – Survival After the Fall of Hong Kong, London, Robert Hale, 1983, p. 51.52 Rosario, Cicero: Cicero Rosario’s P.O.W. Memoirs – Experiences at Sendai Camp, Kyushu, Japan. Lusitano Bulletin, Volume 16, No. 1, Spring 2006. pp. 20-33.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)41THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIArticle on Café CasanovaCourtesy: Filomeno “Meno” Baptista | collection
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)42 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMany men were hit on the head by falling rocks because of improper shoring. We also had to extend the rails for the coal trucks (wagons). … It was a ten-day morning shift and a ten-day night shift, with a holiday after the tenth day. But it was no ‘holiday’ as drills, inspections, and searches, usually to about 3:00 P.M. took up most of the time. We would end our ‘holiday’ with Smoky Xavier leading our prayers, and Johnny Remedios leading us and the choir with a few hymns.”53According to Cicero Rosario the Sendai prisoners were informed of the Japanese surrender, on 17 August 1945, two days after the actual surrender. Photographs of the group were taken by a Japanese mine operative before they were transported out of the camp on 30 August, 1945. Their journey home was hindered by political haggling causing them to spend two weeks in Manila before they were finally shipped to Hong Kong. Just over a month after the Japanese surrender on 15 August 1945, ending the War in the Pacific, the POWs from the HKVDC were transported to Macau on the Royal Navy frigate H.M.S. Parret and reunited with their friends and families who had taken refuge there.On 27 September 1945, the Volunteers played a hockey match against the Macau Hockey Club. Recovering from malnutrition and incarceration the high-spirited Portuguese Volunteers and the Macau team played their first Hong Kong versus Macau game since the War began in December 1941. The English Edition of the Macau newspaper “Renascimento” headlined that the “The Volunteers gave a very creditable performance in the exhibition hockey game on Thursday when they met Macau Hockey Club, Macau Champions, and lost by 4 goals to 3 after leading at one stage by 3 goals to 1.”54Hong Kong VolunteersM. Gonsalves, J. Gonsalves, B. Alves, M. Remedios, Tony Alves, H. Soares, P. Yvanovich, J. Gosano, Capt. A. M. Rodrigues, G. Gosano and F. Soares.Macau Hockey ClubR. Leão, R. Lobo, A. Basto, J. Nolasco, Alex Airosa, A. Santos Fereira, G. Silva, L. Costa, Alberto Airosa, L. Ritchie, F. Marques.On Wednesday, 26 September (the day before the hockey game) the Portuguese refugees “gathered in large numbers to pay tribute to the man who has done and is still doing so much for the welfare of those who came to take refuge in this colony”55 – British Consul in Macau, John Pownall Reeves. A grand reception was held at Clube Melco that evening in honour of the visiting prisoners of war. Music was provided by Art Carneiro and songs were sung by the young ladies of the community known as the Starlettes.The Portuguese refugees from Hong Kong will always be grateful to the Macau Government for their generosity and hospitality during the almost four years in Macau.On Friday it was time to return to Hong Kong, but as the prisoners were not yet demobilized, they could not return home. According to Philippe Yvanovich “The families were not allowed back immediately. We ex-POWs were billeted in empty houses around McDonnell Road (though in his book he cites May Road) until November after which we were demobbed.”56 53 Rosario, Cicero: Ibid54 “Renascimento” (English Edition), 30 September 1945, p. 3, National Library of Australia, Newspaper collection X 1021 pkt. no. 11155 Ibid. p. 2 and 356 Yvanovich, Philippe; Note to the author, Australia, December 2009.
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)43THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II57 “Renascimento” (English Edition), 30 September 1945, p. 2.When the British took over Hong Kong they had to restore order and reinstate the government and armed forces. The Admiralty desperately needed steno-typists. Eight ladies were specially selected from a list at the British Consulate in Macau by the British Naval authorities to return with the Volunteers on the H.M.S. Parret on Friday, 28 September, to join the Admiralty.57 They were listed as:Mrs. D. Jex, Olga Carvalho, Elsa Carvalho, Mercedes Roza, Marie Roza, Argentina Gonsalves, Lolita Yvanovich, Avelina Gosano, Betty Clarke, Philomena Gonsalves, Irene Alonso, and Hilda May. The following day, Geraldine Jorge, Edna Pinna, Marie Pereira and Elsa da Silva were sent to join them.Not everything is fair in love and war, as the saying goes. Following the Japanese surrender and the reinstatement of the British Government in Hong Kong “The Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps and Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve were demobilized; those who were prisoners throughout the occupation were given full pay, leave and allowances, those who escaped and rejoined the Allied forces were treated according to their service, those who escaped and remained in Hong Kong were treated as being demobilized 98 days after their escape. Many local men felt they should be given free passages to and from Britain as were the Europeans alongside whom they fought.”58Following the War and much to their chagrin, the Portuguese POWs who served in the HKVDC were required to repay the British Government for subsidies given to their dependents who sought refuge in Macau while they were incarcerated in Shumshuipo and Sendai.On the 22 February 1950, Leo d’Almada e Castro supported the following motion moved by the Hon. Sir Man-Kam Lo:“That this Council deprecates the action taken by Government in seeking repayment of the loans made to Hong Kong residents whilst taking refuge in Macao during the Japanese Occupation of the Colony, and is of the opinion that such loans should be written off.”59 This particular session ended with the Hon. Sir Man-Kam Lo withdrawing his motion. However, the Hon. Leo d’Almada e Castro later managed to get this demand rescinded after pursuing this matter further with the Hong Kong Legislative Council (Legco). Just over two decades after the War, Frank Correa initiated the move from the HK Government (HKG) in 1977 to provide free medical services to Portuguese who were POWs. “My Uncle Mem (Soares) who was a POW, was suffering from kidney failure, had to have regular dialysis to stay alive. He was not a man of means and these visits to hospitals caused him untold worries that also affected his health. Initially, I spoke and pleaded with FM (Filhos de Macau) officers who were POWs, to pressure the HKG for free medical assistance but sadly, received negative responses. I then felt compelled to write to both editors of the South China Morning Post and Hongkong Standard. Following these letters appearing in the respective two newspapers, incredible support came from letters decrying the complete lack of help and compassion from the HKG. Interestingly enough, a few years later the HKG made a donation of about US$25 million (about US$100 million 2010 value) to British 59 Hong Kong Legislative Council Session number 15.58 Endacott, G. B.: A History of Hong Kong, Second Edition, Oxford University Press1964 (First published 1958). p.306
Chapter II • Japanese Occupation and the Prisoners of War (1941 – 1945)44 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIveterans who served in the Falkland War against Argentina. This certainly initiated a huge outcry in Hong Kong and compelled the HKG to come to the party at last.Luigi Ribeiro was the person who gave wholeheartedly to the Portuguese POW cause and deserves a great deal of kudos. Some years later through his untiring efforts the HKG decided to pay a pension to all Portuguese POWs wherever they are residing these days. These regular remittances have been of immense help to those few remaining Portuguese POWs.”60Luigi Ribeiro challenged the British Government in the years following by denouncing their failure to give the wives of the former POWs from the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) the right to valid British passports. In a letter to the South China Morning Post, on 22 August 1987, he urged the Passport Office in London to “instruct the Immigration Department here (Hong Kong) to accept applications for British passports for processing bonafide dependants of Hong Kong POWs… ”61 On 21 October 1987, he wrote again to the South China Morning Post suggesting the Hong Kong Legislative Council include the “granting of pensions as a right to a dwindling band of POWs together with that of an estimated 150,000 civil servants… ”Sir Roger Lobo confirmed that eventually “they were all paid, most of them through transfer from UK to Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. in Hong Kong”.6260 Correa, Frank: Letter to the author, Hong Kong, 18 January 2010.61 Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Filipe “Luigi”: Some letters to the Press Ribeiro wrote on behalf of ex-POWs and their Widows, Lusitano Bulletin, Volume 7, No. 2, Summer 1998, p. 33.62 Lobo, Sir Rogerio Hyndman: Letter to the author. Hong Kong, 19 November 2009.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II45THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II63 Poirier, Mercia Silva: Written response to the author’s questionnaire. Los Angeles, 5 December 2009.After what seemed like an eternity, the water changed from a muddy brown to a dull green as the large ferry boat approached the islands beyond the choppy waters, leaving the rocky breakwater and Macau behind. Island after island the ferry boat slipped past many large fishing junks with their sails rocking back and forth. The anxiety to see their homes again intensified as each island faded into the distance.Those returning to Hong Kong recognized their home but found it had changed – their once peaceful environment had been replaced by a jarring frenzy of military vehicles and personnel. Even La Salle College where many went to school was requisitioned by the military and converted into a hospital. It was not the same any more, but the refugees were glad to be home. Enthusiastically Mercia Silva Poirier, a little girl then, tells of the excitement of returning home:“We were overjoyed to return to our home on Salisbury Avenue. We were so happy to be able to buy apples and various fruit and food that we were not able to have for all those years. The kids were especially happy to see chocolate again. Sally (Mercia’s younger sister) remembers one of the first Christmases after the War when we had lots of toys which we never had during the War years.” 63 Filomeno “Meno” Baptista, another young returning refugee at the time writes:“Slowly but surely families began the 40 plus mile trip back to Hong Kong onboard the MV Fat Shan. Like homing pigeons they returned to their pre-war neighbourhoods. Tung Cheong Building, Homuntin, Kowloontong and for the indigent of the community a ‘temporary’ camp was provided at Argyle Street in Kowloon. This camp was also referred to as Matauchung Camp.64 Most Hong Kong Islanders resettled in ‘Mato Morro’ and the area while a fair portion chose to settle east of the city centre in the districts of Happy Valley, Causeway Bay and North Point.To the credit of the De La Salle Brothers, Canossian, Maryknoll and French sisters, their schools reopened in early 1946.The Filhomacs65 wasted no time in reviving their old way of life. Softball, Hockey and Cricket leagues were resuscitated. Club de Recreio with such superstars as the six Gosano brothers: Lino, Bertie, Eddie, Luigi, Gerry and Zinho, together with Willy Reed dominated the Hockey league before the War. After the War the addition of Junior Remedios, Daniel Castro, Lionel Guterres and later other players, kept Club de Recreio winning championships for many consecutive years into the mid-1960s.The Community after World War IIChapter III64 Matauchung Camp: In the aftermath of World War II and particularly in the European Theater of Operations (ETO), refugees and indigents from various nations within Europe were referred to as “DPs” for “displaced persons”.65 Filhomacs: Filhomacs, filomacs or FMs are “Filhos de Macau”, children of Macau also known as Macaense or Macanese.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II46 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Victoria Recreation Club (VRC) located in the waterfront next to the Naval Dockyard on Hong Kong side became a favourite haunt of our boys who would walk the short distance from their places of work to ‘work out’ and swim during ‘tiffin’66 time while some would stop off for another dip after work.” 67Most had homes to return to or some money to rent apartments to start their lives again. There were some families of the Portuguese community who were less fortunate. Included in this group were Eurasians, and Spanish-speaking families from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua and other countries who were not refugees from Macau but families who were stranded in Hong Kong during the War. They were settled in Matauchung Camp, Kowloon City, in small houses which had a footprint of about 20 feet by 40 feet which included a small kitchen. “Originally used to house Chinese soldiers who fled across the border during the Sino-Japanese War in 1939, the camp was initially used by the Japanese to intern captured British Indian troops. They were later moved out in June 1944.” Though many residents of this camp called it “Argyle Camp”, it is not to be confused with the camp for officers transferred from Shumshuipo Camp who were interned there as Prisoners of War. That camp was situated on a levelled hill on Argyle Street adjacent to Kowloon Hospital and diagonally across from King George V School (KG Five).”68 Rodrigo “Rod” de Sousa lived in “Argyle Camp” after the War. As a refugee in Macau, Rod lived in Caixa Escolar then, using Government subsidy, his family moved to Fai-Tsi Kee. Rod went to Colégio D. Bosco then to São Luís Gonzaga in Macau. Returning from Macau, Rodrigo and his family “settled into Argyle Camp as it was affordable for us to do so. The camp was divided into two sections, the larger part where Chinese prisoners (deserters) were housed before and the smaller camp used by officers as POWs during WWII. The South American refugees were in the larger section of the camp and the Portuguese in the smaller.Other families living in Argyle camp were those of Gerry and Sebastian Carvalho, “Calau” Azevedo, Inio “Cha-cha” Aquino, Eco Franco, Arthur Britto, Derek Smirke, etc.”69The Portuguese community in Hong Kong was together again. Businesses soon opened their doors and many rehired their former staff. Club de Recreio, left in shambles by the Japanese who used the premises as a stable for their horses, was cleaned up and refurbished. The Portuguese community settled down and returned to their daily lives. A few years later they were to be joined by friends and relatives– refugees from Shanghai, fleeing from another upheaval.Soon after the end of World War II, the Nationalists and Communists resumed internal fighting for control of China. During the War the two factions decided to unite in a common cause to fight their enemy, Japan. With hostilities over, Mao Tse-Tung, now with a stronger force, began an offensive to take back China and in 1949 finally pushed the Nationalists out of the Chinese mainland. This was the impetus for the Shanghai Portuguese to evacuate and move to Hong Kong, thus adding to the Portuguese community there. This mass exodus of Shanghai Portuguese in 1949 ended the Portuguese settlement in that part of China. The majority went to Hong Kong if only as a temporary base 66 Tiffin: Anglo-Indian term from tiffing, originated from a British slang meaning taking a little weak alcoholic drink or a sip, which by extension coined tiffin, a lunchtime meal. Possibly others claim it is derived from Chinese Ch’ih-fan (eat rice).67 Baptista, Filomeno “Meno”: Letter to the author, 2 October 2009.68 Correa: João Bosco: Letter to the author, Victoria, Australia, 27 February 2010.69 Sousa, Rodrigo de: Telephone interview, 10 September 2009.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II47THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIwhile they waited for their visas to emigrate to the United States of America and elsewhere. The new arrivals from Shanghai did create an impression on the local community. Initially, any visible rivalry between the Portuguese from Shanghai and those from Hong Kong was practically non-existent, but there was some undercurrent when the ex-Shanghai residents would compare their own sophisticated lifestyles to those of their Hong Kong counterparts, assumed or imagined. After all, Shanghai was once known as “Paris of the East.” Shanghai in the early 20th century laid claim to being the most cosmopolitan, glamorous, decadent and cultured city in China and, for that matter, all of Asia. And to the cognoscenti – the Portuguese from Shanghai, indeed it was. Nevertheless they integrated into the community.In general, life was good after the War. A young Portuguese married man with two children, working for the Bank and earning seven to eight hundred Hong Kong dollars a month, could afford to live in a small furnished two bedroom flat, have enough money to clothe and feed himself, his wife and their children, take care of the utilities; and pay an amah to cook and look after to his children. He could live almost anywhere in Kowloon except in some of the high-rent districts like the Kadoorie Avenue hill area, Yauyatcheun or in Kowloontong. He could afford to be a member of the Club de Recreio where his dues were a meagre sum, pay for his Sunday chits (a signed voucher or bill for bar drinks and meals), enjoy a lunch with his co-workers during the week, pay for his daily bus and ferry ride to work in Hong Kong, take his wife and children to an occasional movie, and still be able to have a modest savings account. Many Portuguese women were stay-at-home mothers or just did not have to work. However, if the husband and wife did not have children the latter generally went to work as a stenographer or was engaged in some sort of secretarial work or as a sales person.When it came to transportation, only the more affluent Portuguese men could afford a car immediately after the War. Many young men purchased motor-cycles as a means of transportation. Having a car or motorcycle gave them easy access to the many lovely beaches, the beauty of rural New Territories in Kowloon and the scenic hillsides of Hong Kong Island. It was a status symbol for the young men as in the years after the War they had little else other than their natural ability in sports to pride themselves.During the mid-to-late-fifties and into early the sixties, most Portuguese men had their suits and shirts tailored and many had their shoes hand-made. It was not rare to have a pair of cordovan leather shoes made to order by a Diamond Hill district cobbler in the foothills of Lion Rock for around HK$60. But it was rare in those days for a Portuguese man to purchase a sports jacket or a suit “off the rack” in any department store. However, shirts were being manufactured by the likes of Crocodile, Van Heusen and Arrow (both imported brands) to name a few that were popular at the time. But then again, most men had their shirts made by the same tailors that crafted their suits. For those men who worked at establishments where the dress code required a suit-and-tie, many had a personal tailor who would visit their place of residence with a plethora of cloth samples or bolts of suit material and even fine Egyptian cotton for shirts.The ladies too had their own tailors who came to the house for private fittings. According to Theresa Yvanovich da Luz:“Most of us had tailors making our dresses. When we were little we had sewing-amahs (also known as costureiras)70 in the house and only when we started to work did we have tailors make our dresses. Before the War my mother had a fulltime sewing-amah, as did most other families, who would make the dresses and even our underwear, sheets and pillow cases.”7170 Costureira: Portuguese, meaning seamstress or dressmaker.71 Luz, Theresa, Yvanovich da: Interview with the author Livermore, California, 26 October 2009.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II48 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIA typical workweek has to be looked at in its time capsule. Taking the mid to late 1950s as an example, aside from the Hong Kong Government, the Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation was the main employer of the Portuguese in Hong Kong, followed by China Light and Power Company, then the other large Hongs72 such as Jardine Matheson and Company, Butterfield and Swire, and the Hong Kong Government.As most of the Portuguese community lived in Kowloon between the late 1940s and the early 1960s, their weekday morning would start for many by walking to work, taking the bus or even crossing the harbour on the Star Ferry. A few did have their own cars but that was not the case for the majority. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation was a large conglomerate and where one worked largely depended on the district they were assigned to or the department to which they belonged. As for the China Light and Power Company, the clerical staff was stationed in their main building on Argyle Street. It was referred to by the staff as “Main Office”. If they were technicians or engineers in the Meter Section they were located on the corner of Boundary Street and Waterloo Road. “Many Portuguese youths served as electrical engineering apprentices in China Light and Power together with their Chinese and Eurasian counterparts. These apprentices served a period of five years in the company’s different departments of electrical power generation, power transmission and distribution/equipment maintenance, all under the supervision and guidance of qualified expatriate engineers from the UK. Apprentices were required to attend a five-year course in Electrical Engineering at Hong Kong Technical College located in Hunghom and subsequently in Wanchai three nights a week after working an eight-hour day. In 1955, 1st year apprentices were paid the princely sum of HK$156 a month for the first year of employment! Apprentices were also required to pass a London City and Guilds Exam in the third and fifth years of the course in order to attain a diploma equivalent to a college degree in the United States. It is worthy to note here that the transmission and distribution of electricity to the islands of Lantau and Mawan were performed by Portuguese apprentices. These apprentices performed underwater diving duties during cross-channel cable laying to both islands and supervised crews during the construction of overhead transmission lines to bring electricity to villages and towns. Many Portuguese apprentices were also responsible for the rural electrification of many remote villages in the New Territories. Upon completion of their five-year apprenticeships, graduates were presented with a Certificate of Completion from the management of China Light and Power and offered a job with the ambiguous title of ‘Improver Engineer’. It is noteworthy to mention that one of the foremost and well-respected instructors of Electrical Engineering Technology at the Hong Kong Technical College was M. A. “Mickey” d’Almada Remedios.”73While some former employees of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (fondly known by the Portuguese community as Hongkong Bank or “the Bank”) describe their work as mundane, others realize that it was a secure position that gave them every-day peace of mind as far as income was concerned. Finding a job at “the Bank” was considered unproblematic by the Portuguese, but “never being promoted to the very top positions, regardless of merit, which were reserved for the British (expatriates), some of whom were taught their jobs by the FMs (Filhos de Macau)”74 was something they had to accept. The same article by Michael McDougall goes further to find fault:“In ‘the Bank’ the British, Portuguese and Chinese staff each had their own toilets… this form of racial discrimination was prevalent in Hong Kong where the British and other Europeans occupied the top of the economic and social pecking order, the Macanese, Eurasians 72 Hong: A Cantonese term referring to a trading company which operated out of Hong Kong, Macau or Canton.73 McDougall, Gerald: Letter to the author, Dublin, California, 12 October 200974 McDougall, Michael: FM Life in Prince Edward in the early 1950s, Lusitano Bulletin, Volume 13, No. 3, Fall 2003. p. 11.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II49THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II75 Silva, Frederic A. “Jim”: Things I Remember, Self-Published, San Francisco, California, 1999. p. 12.and other minorities the middle, and the Chinese at the bottom. The Chinese, treated as inferiors in their own country, feel humiliated and resentful to this day.”In agreement with McDougall, Jim Silva wrote:“We were comfortable with a lot that placed us on an economic level much lower than that of the European colonials, but also at the same time we were economically better off than the Chinese. There was never much in the way of dissent or rebellion against a system that was overly racist, not to say inherently unfair and unjust. It was unjust because, regardless of education, experience or ability, the higher executive positions were exclusively reserved for Europeans. Hong Kong’s biggest employer, the government services, in their varied departments initiated this racist hierarchy, and it was automatically followed by the big British hongs (trading houses) and banks.”75Stuart Braga, grandson of J. P. Braga, looks back to this time in history with the same regret:“In fact J.P. Braga’s whole public career was a determined effort to confront the injustice of the way the British treated local people. His first book, published in 1894, was entitled ‘The Rights of Aliens in Hongkong’. I have read it in Uncle Jack’s collection in the National Library of Australia, and was appalled by some of the stories he tells of the arrogance and contempt of British officials and managers in those heady days of Victorian imperialism when the British Empire ruled so much of the world and everyone else was held in supreme contempt. Thank goodness that era has ended.”76 He later added that “This shows that the system in which the Portuguese were treated as inferiors lasted for a long time – perhaps a century or even more.”Things were similar in the China Light and Power Company. If one were in the Accounts Department on a typical workday one would see Portuguese staff at the many desks in their first floor office and Chinese staff at the counters serving the public. Working on ledgers and filling in meter reading slips (MRS) was a laboriously slow and tedious affair. Without much to look forward to except being elevated to a more senior position with the highest aspiration of Chief Clerk of the Accounts Department, the Portuguese had no further opportunity for promotion in this company. The British senior staff who were very few in number, were not within sight of the public as they were ensconced in the privacy of their offices. And so it was, but there was neither bitterness exhibited nor dismay in the minds of those who lived under those circumstances. “Yet, despite this” Jim Silva went on to say, “there was an unquestioning willingness to work within a system that seemed to be natural and eternal. . . . filhos de Macau were secure. We had our place, we knew our place, we accepted our place. Unfair or unjust as things may have been, we had no hang-ups… ”77José Alexandre “Billy” Soares and his elder brother, Rolando “Ronny”, worked for the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Their father, Francisco Xavier Soares, was the Chief Clerk of the Bank, the highest position a Portuguese could hold in that era. “Billy” Soares agrees that before World War II:76 Braga, Stuart: Letter to the author, NSW Australia, 20 February 2007.77 Silva, Frederic A. “Jim”: Ibid. p.12.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II50 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“Working for the Bank, the class strata was just accepted by the Portuguese. The British ‘lauded themselves above the others’; the Portu-guese were considered as locals and a class above the Chinese, but below other Europeans. The Chinese staff who tended to the public at the counters were known as Shroffs (Tellers in today’s American banking system). There was always one British bank officer at the end of the counter to supervise and sign approvals for transactions when required. The Portuguese did the ledger and other clerical work. The highest level they could aspire to before the War was Chief Clerk. Basically, the Portuguese staff did all the work and the British took all the credit. We realized that we knew more than they did, but we had to take orders from them – we did the work and they signed. Before the War we were satisfied with the status quo. We were treated 100% as clerks. It was only after the Japanese Occupation that the Portuguese would be given the title of a bank officer. Even then they were limited to a supervisory level only, at first only permitted to initial and approve transactions.”78“Billy” Soares, who was promoted to be an “officer” in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank after the War, emigrated to San Francisco in 1958. Regardless of the prejudices cited and the general acceptance of their status in the workplace, many of the local Portuguese were very proud of their Lusitanian ancestry. But it is true, however, that those who became British subjects in fact “had no country to belong to.” “Metaphorically, ‘their country’, for the Hong Kong Portuguese in those days, may have been looked upon as Hong Kong itself. ‘No country to return to’ because the community, though Portuguese even if some had taken British papers, had for over four centuries no personal link to Portugal. Most outside of Macau did not even speak Portuguese. Those born in Macau under the Portuguese flag always looked to Portugal as their country, but in reality it was a distant land most of them had never seen. Their loyalty and pride of patria persisted long after some left to settle in Hong Kong and the Treaty Ports. However, many in Hong Kong had, by the turn of the 20th century, changed their national status to “British Subjects” yet Britain was not their country either. Lost in the stagnation of time, like a forgotten people, they were a mirage of times gone by.” 79“I can point to the thousands of Portuguese who form the community in Hong Kong. They first came to Hong Kong from Macao with the early British pioneers, in most cases serving in clerical capacities, and they have been closely identified with every phase of the Colony’s activities. Several generations of these have been British subjects, loyal to the government of their adoption, others are still Portuguese citizens. But they all possess the same fine moral and psychological characteristics as those which define the Portuguese emigrant… he never feels out of place in a strange land nor spiritually cut from his mother country. . . . perhaps a very particular merit of our emigrant, looked upon as a national trait – the desire to retain, deep down his heart, independent of distance and years of absence, a living feeling for the homeland.”80This sense of belonging to a far away homeland passed down through the generations was true not only for those in Hong Kong but also Macau, Shanghai and the Treaty Ports. However, in reality their world was China, and all that surrounded them was Chinese.78 Soares, José Alexandre “Billy”: Interview with the author at Walnut Creek, California, 18 November 2009.79 Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: Diaspora Macaense to California, Associação Promotora da Instrução dos Macaenses, Macau 2009. p. 10.80 Castilho, Guilherme: Consul for Portugal, The Portuguese Emigrant – His Moral and Psychological Characteristics. Correspondencia (2 vols., ed. by Guilherme de Castilho), Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, Lisboa, 1982. pp. 300 -301.
Chapter III • The Community after World War II51THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMany Portuguese residents of Hong Kong were decorated by the British, Portuguese and other International governments. The three most decorated are named here but their list of honours is too lengthy to include. Queen Elizabeth II of England knighted Sir Albert Rodrigues in 1971and Sir Roger Hyndman Lobo in 1985. Many decorations from the Portuguese and other governments were bestowed on Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales among them the Grã-Cruz da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique in 1999. Had the attitude of colonial Britain been different immediately after the Second World War Leonardo Horácio “Leo” d’Almada e Castro would certainly have been honoured more than being appointed King’s Counsel and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). The same is true of J. P. Braga. In 1935, he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). A lower award, this was regarded as a less than adequate reward for his services.“In June 1945, d’Almada e Castro was asked by the British Government to proceed to London where he was urgently needed to prepare for the administration of Hong Kong upon the Colony’s liberation. He and his wife were secreted out of Macau, and after a hazardous journey at great personal risk through Japanese occupied territory, they reached Free China. They were flown from Kunming over the Himalayas to India and on to London. When Japan surrendered in August 1945, he immediately returned to Hong Kong to take up his appointment as President of the General Military Court, trying Japanese war criminals and collaborators.”81The Portuguese community in China lived with honour and distinction. They were model citizens, respectful employees and respected employers, defended their adopted British government when called to arms, excelled in every arena of sports, and all can claim to be well educated. When it was time to leave, and that time did come, they became respectful citizens of the countries to which they emigrated.81 Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, p. 21.
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)52 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)53THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIIn the years following World War II life in Hong Kong changed dramatically. Picking up the pieces after returning from Macau as refugees or just growing up in a post-War environment the Portuguese adjusted quickly. Sheltered from the technological advances which had taken place in the world, American movies, music, travel, and soon after, television, the changes were quick and in many ways exciting. All this, together with fashion and new materials have created a new world for this once quiet environment. This was particularly true for the generation between 20 and 40 in Hong Kong.Kowloon was where the majority of the Portuguese community lived and their workplace was spread between inner Kowloon (Prince Edward Road to Tsimshatsui) and the Central District of Hong Kong Island. The daily routine of going to work on weekdays meant taking the bus in Kowloon or crossing the Star Ferry to get to Hong Kong Island. Many had to work on Saturdays; and for most it was for half a day. The movies or social gatherings were usually their weekend activities unless one went to the horse races in Happy Valley on Hong Kong side, the clubs, or the beaches in the summer. For those who could afford it there were several nightclubs such as the Champagne Room in Sunning House in Causeway Bay, the Sky Room in Hong Kong’s Central District, or the Cellar Bar in the Ambassador Hotel in Kowloon’s Tsimshatsui District as well as the Highball at the corner of Nathan Road and Humphrey’s Avenue where Filipino bands and some local musicians performed.Sundays always started with the Portuguese community going to Mass. In Kowloon it was either Rosary Church on Chatham Road or St. Teresa’s Church on the corner of Prince Edward Road and Waterloo Road. Following Mass, many would head for Club de Recreio or to the many beaches between late spring and the onset of October when the typhoon season loomed.Hong Kong had many fine sandy beaches. There was Big Wave Bay, Deep Water Bay, Shek-O and the more crowded Repulse Bay. This is not to say that Kowloon had no sandy beaches and crystal clear water as was the case in Silverstrand and Clear Water Bay. There were placid waters around Saikung, but they were east of Kowloon Peak and less accessible until more of the younger generation began to own cars and motorcycles. By the early 1960s many also had small boats docked at Hebe Haven in Saikung that would take them to these clear water beaches and several islands on the eastern side of Kowloon. Though the waters of the Kowloon beaches along Castle Peak Road were not as clear, several families owned small beach houses they nicknamed “shacks”, most located on the 11-Mile (post) beach and a few at the 13 Mile beach on Castle Peak Road. “They would go to these beaches in the late 40s and 50s and even before the War in Pak-pai Ché82 or a very few in their private cars. There were buses but they were very inconvenient and almost nobody used them.” 83 Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)82 Pak-pai Ché: Cantonese literally “white or blank licensed cars” – actually unlicensed taxis.83 Xavier, Albertina, Garcia: Interview with the author, San Francisco, 18 November 2009.Chapter IV
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)54 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISeniors would enjoy mah-jong games in the shacks while the youth took to the water. Some remained in the water for several hours. It was not the cold of the water, but the heat of the sun, that eventually made them retreat to the shade of the shacks across the sand.Hunting and fishing were preferred in the cooler months. One could pay to be taken out on sampans or small fishing junks for some serious fishing or one could make one’s way early in the morning to the New Territories for an almost full day of hunting. The hunters would come back with wild boar, indigenous barking deer, and a variety of game birds like dove, duck and partridge. A lucky hunter might even bag himself an elusive and prized woodcock or a brace of quail. Pheasant, though plentiful north of Hong Kong were almost never seen in the New Territories. Many bird hunters owned “gun” dogs like the English Pointer or the Red Setter, both excellent upland game dogs.For moviegoers there was the Majestic Theatre, the Alhambra and later in the 1960s, Broadway Theatre, all of which were on Nathan Road and almost always packed between Fridays and Sundays. These theatres showed first-run movies. Star Theatre on Ashley Road was smaller, but crowded like the others. Each theatre showed a different movie, and depending on the popularity of the film some would be “held over” (a term used in those days) for many weeks. If a theatre was full in Kowloon one could almost be sure the same was true for the theatres such as Queen’s and King’s in the Central district on Hong Kong Island. There was really no way to check if the theatres posted “Full House” as it was on a first-come, first-served basis except for those who had bought “advanced booking” tickets earlier. Still, if they were full, there were many Chinese restaurants which were very popular if you missed a 5.30 PM showing. The 7.30 PM showing was too close to dinner time for the Portuguese and 9. 30 PM, just after dinner, was the preferred showing. If the theatres were full at the early showing, dining out was still an option. However, the most popular time was the later showing and dinner after that.Not to go unmentioned was the Princess Theatre at the intersection of Kimberley and Nathan Roads. Its wide sidewalk provided a meeting place for the “Macau Boys” who came to Hong Kong to work, finding jobs primarily in the banking industry. They would perch on the heavy duty metal guard rails along Nathan Road waiting for their friends to arrive, often staying to chat with each other for a long time. In the days when telephones were limited, if one was looking for a friend from across the silty waters, the sidewalk opposite the entrance to this theatre would be a good place to start.Chinese restaurants were very popular as the food was very much to the liking of the Portuguese community and conformed to their unwritten criteria of “the three Bs” - “Bom, bonito, barato” (good, pretty, and cheap). After an evening out it was not uncommon to go to a Tai Pai Dong84 or Siu-Yeh85 for a late meal. Very well known in those days were a group of Tai Pai Dongs in the Yaumati District which served “creamy” hairy crabs called Kou-Hai which were prepared in a black bean sauce or a ginger-garlic sauce. Tai Pai Dongs also abounded along Haiphong Road next to the entrance of Whitfield Barracks in the Tsimshatsui District.In addition, if one knew where to go, there were also a few small Indian or Pakistani curry houses, some of them registered as “clubs” which served excellent curries. One popular “pukka”86 curry house frequented by the Portuguese was located very near to the Alhambra Theatre on Cliff Road, off Nathan Road, and very close to the Yaumati Government School. This curry house was an unlicensed establishment 84 Tai Pai Dong: A roadside cooked food stall serving multifarious Chinese food at reasonable prices. Exterior seating, usually available, was benches or wood stools in the 1950s and early1960s. Diners often squatted on those benches or sat on small wooden stools on the sidewalk with food served on short-legged tables. Tai Pai Dongs served various versions of Chook, a rice-based gruel, Won Tan Mein, a flat noodle dish and some were even able to provide a ten-course dinner.85 Siu-Yeh: A late night meal in the culture of Hong Kong. It comes after dinner, and is similar to a supper. This meal may start from 9.PM onwards until 4 AM and can range anywhere from a snack to a full-fledged meal. For people working late night shifts, Siu-Yeh is also associated with their post-midnight meals.86 Pukka: Pakka – Hindi; Anglo-Indian for the best of its kind, authentic.
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)55THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIlocated on the 2nd floor flat of a residential apartment building. It is believed that the owner/chef who served fiery hot curries was “Ali” from Pakistan. During the 1950s and early 1960s several Malaysian and Singapore restaurants sprung up in Kowloon and became very popular with the Portuguese community.European establishments serving Russian cuisine in Kowloon were Tkachenko, Cherikoff and Chantecleer. For French cuisine there was always the classy and very expensive Gaddi’s at the Peninsula Hotel, Gloucester Hotel or the very popular and more affordable Au Trou Normand on Hankow Road. Jimmy’s Kitchen, on Wyndham Street near King’s Theatre on the Island, served nostalgic dishes from the British Colonial Empire such as Singapore, India and “old” Hong Kong, but none of these were casual drop-ins if one missed a movie. Jimmy’s is one of the oldest restaurants in Hong Kong, first established in 1929. It still exists today. On the corner of Nathan Road and Humphrey’s Avenue in Kowloon was Gingles, an establishment owned and operated by a retired US Navy man. “Gingles was a huge amiable American guy who needed two of his cafeteria’s metal chairs to support his considerable weight.”87 For authentic Portuguese cuisine, not to be confused with Macaense cuisine, one would have had to go to Macau which until the early sixties was only accessible by the slow ferry boats which took about four hours for the crossing. In the early sixties Arnaldo Couto established “Solmar” in the Sea Terminal which was a temporary structure whilst the present day Ocean Terminal and Centre were being built, serving excellent Portuguese food. In 1966 he opened “Cafe do Brasil” on the first floor of the Ocean Centre serving Brazilian coffee, cakes and snacks. Before that Macaense food, including a limited Portuguese selection, was available to its members in Club Lusitano and Club de Recreio or prepared at home.The Portuguese in Hong Kong were devout Catholics. Almost everyone, if not everyone, went to church on Sundays. In Kowloon it was Rosary Church on Chatham Road or St. Teresa’s Church on the corner of Waterloo Road and Prince Edward Road. The 10.00 AM Mass was probably the most popular as one would not have to rise until 9.00 AM, unless one was a team player about to play in a hockey, softball or even a cricket match which usually started before noon. It was not uncommon to see a large group of young men standing at the steps outside the vestibule of either one of the churches during the priest’s sermon at the Homily or at Holy Communion time. Was it because the church was full or their habit of moving outside the front doors for a smoke or a chat during these periods? In their defence one must add that the Italian priests (most parish priests were Italians) could be rather sardonic more than occasionally. After Mass the ladies removed their veils as they left the church then greeted friends and family as did the men, but with their minds cast to the remainder of the day. Many from Rosary Church would then proceed to Club de Recreio on nearby Gascoigne Road. Parishioners from St. Teresa’s would follow a little later.Club de Recreio had the larger membership of the two Portuguese clubs in the Colony. At its peak in the fifties and sixties, there were in excess of three hundred members, many of whom were in their 20s to 40s. From this group came the cricket, badminton, hockey and softball players. Those a little older played tennis, lawn bowls or excelled in the billiard/snooker room. The community would go to their clubs after work and particularly weekends if they did not go to the beach, private picnics or parties, Albertina Garcia Xavier remembers. At Club de Recreio “the men would go to the card room and the women play mah-jong in the ladies lounge and other members would play sports. Some had access to boats owned by the companies they worked for permitting them to invite a few friends to launch picnics.”8887 Gingles: E. F. Gingles, US Navy, retired. Article on the internet at Gwulo.com submitted by Richard on Tuesday, 23 December 2008. Gwulo: Old Hong Kong – Jingles Restaurant, 70 Nathan Road, Kowloon. Jingles is incorrectly spelled; it should be Gingles.88 Xavier, Albertina Garcia: Interview with the author, San Francisco, California, 29 October 2009.
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)56 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJust before noon on Sundays in the early to mid-1960s, members of Club de Recreio filled the many rows of seats in the badminton court in the centre of the building to play Tombola89. It was so popular that once the hockey players showered after the morning game, many of them joined in to try their luck. The voice of Noel Barretto who often called out the numbers was taken very seriously as this usually jovial man was known for his kind and gentle manner rather than anything as serious as number-crying at a game of chance. The intense concentration could be seen in the faces of Kimmy McGrann, Tulie Barretto, Olga Silva and others who at any moment anticipated their winning number to be called. It is strange how the faces and voices of the men just do not surface in one’s memory – or is it because they never won?Beyond the doors where tombola was enjoyed there would usually be league hockey games in which the Recreio men and women teams played. The first game normally started about 9.00 AM followed by the second match at about 11.00 AM. With lawn bowls and tennis on adjacent courts Sunday mornings at the Club were always buzzing with activity. Everybody was doing something. It was not uncommon to see the men-only bar filled with male members enjoying the then very popular Vodka Bitter-Lemon or a White Label Scotch Whisky, accompanied by a plate of curried meat balls, fried Won Tons,90 followed by a Tabaqueria Filipina cigar or a Camel or Lucky Strike cigarette.With Tombola and hockey over many would go home for lunch, or should one say ‘tiffin’? With servants at home to cook, a late lunch on Sunday was very possible. A few would stay at the Club to enjoy from a menu which the “Boy91” would present to them as they sat outside on the wide covered porch. Be it har-tossie (fried shrimp toast), minchi pó-dan fan (minced meat with fried egg on rice) or some other delectable dish, their taste will remain for a lifetime in the minds of those who enjoyed them.Sunday evenings could end with a movie, a game of cards or some other relaxing activity before the working week. Many had Hong Kong Rediffusion Television, introduced in the late 1950s to go home to. Rediffusion, a cable-delivered audio service provided music, variety shows and the news, competing with Radio Hong Kong, a staid and somewhat dry BBC-styled radio station which broadcasted mostly classical music, jazz and other programs generally appealing more to the older generation. Some would go to Club Lusitano for a game of billiards or sit with their partners for a pensive game of Bridge.Club Lusitano was more the Gentlemen’s Club as only men were allowed as members. Located on Ice House Street in the Central business district of Hong Kong Island, it had no grounds outdoors for its members. As such, Snooker and Billiards and Bridge were the main activities of its members other than a quiet place to socialize. Club Lusitano was quite exclusive as anyone who was someone in the Portuguese community was a member and being allowed to join was not to be taken for granted. One had to be introduced and recommended, then voted in by the Committee before being granted membership. Dignitaries visiting from Portugal or other countries were invited to this facility for its formal functions. Club de Recreio, on the other hand, entertained them when an outdoor event was planned, which was infrequent at best.The Lusitano New Year’s Eve Dance was an event most Portuguese men and women in the Colony looked forward to attending. Non-members were allowed to this very formal affair by invitation only. Men wore tuxedos and women dressed in long formal gowns. The 89 Tombola: a British gambling game similar to Bingo in the USA.90 Won Ton: Chinese noodle casings loosely filled with ground meat, often boiled and served in a broth.91 Boy: A domestic male servant, or in this case, a waiter of the Club.
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)57THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIyoung men who worked at the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank were always nervous about this event as it fell on the last day of the fiscal year and oftentimes the Bank required that all the books and accounts be balanced and closed before they were allowed to leave the office. When they finally got there they joined the members and their guests to wine, dine and dance until the early hours of New Year’s Day. Other than club functions the Portuguese community of all ages enjoyed their “parties”. Parties can refer to birthday celebrations from children to adults, weddings and anniversaries, private social gatherings, post sporting event functions, farewell gatherings for the many families who were emigrating overseas, holiday dinners and private functions honouring visiting dignitaries from the governments of Hong Kong and Macau. Most dances were staid yet fun-loving. The young adults did enjoy their jive and Rock ‘n Roll and some Latin music on the dance floor but these were interspersed with mellow ballads and the occasional Big Band numbers.After school hours or on the weekends, teenagers played records and had “jam-sessions” where they either danced to music of the many American artists that flooded the market or to the music of their own local bands. Eddie Alves, Renaldo Gutierrez, Freddie Abraham, “Josie” Figueiredo, Dr. Horácio “Doc” Ozorio and several others would get together to play the music of the time. Their lead singer was Bobby Xavier. There were several other groups who got together to play, some professionally. Horácio Ozorio continued to play after the War being joined by Johnny Fonseca and his brother Frankie who amazingly played the guitar with only one hand. Frankie Fonseca was born with the physical defect of a severely deformed elbow length arm and played with the guitar on his lap, striking the notes and chords with a plectrum attached to his right elbow.Frankie Fonseca formed a band with Horácio “Doc” Ozorio who played the piano and Al Harding on bass. They had a “huge following not only amongst the Portuguese community but especially with the British troops stationed in Hong Kong.”92Lionel Sequeira played professionally in Hong Kong from 1946 until he emigrated to the United States of America in 1957. As a young man when he was a refugee in Macau during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong he began his musical career playing at the Riviera Hotel and Chung Yeung – Hotel Central. When he returned to Hong Kong in 1946 he played at the Star Ballroom on Nathan Road close to the Alhambra Theatre. His 3-piece band included himself at the piano, Armando Santos playing the Hawaiian guitar and Francis Kwan on the Saxophone. After a long engagement lasting over a year, Lionel Sequeira changed to play the drums with Bobby Rozario at the piano during their engagement at the Chantecler Restaurant on Nathan Road. Returning to the piano Lionel went on to play at several other locations, among them the Hong Kong Hotel and the cocktail lounge of the Peninsula Hotel. His three brothers, Cassiano “Gussie” at the piano, Alfred on drums and Augusto on alto saxophone played in the Dreamland Ballroom in Wanchai. However, younger brother Lionel was not a member of their band as he had his own combo. Lionel continued to play in Hong Kong until his emigration to San Francisco where his long musical career continued with personal appearances at many functions.93 Eddie Costa, a noted young jazz pianist who played after the War, also went on to San Francisco where he continued to play professionally.In the 1950s to late 1960s, Dianne d’Almada and Gertrude “Tina” de Sousa sang at the various nightclubs in the Colony. The nostalgia of the music and many Rediffusion audio programs from supper clubs such as the Champagne Room at Sunning House and the Sky Room in North Point on Hong Kong Island still linger in the minds of many who lived there in those times. 92 D’Almada, Gerald: letter to the author, Los Angeles, 21 November 2006. The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong, p. 66.93 Sequeira, Lionel: Interview San Francisco, 11 November 2009.
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)58 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISome may recall that in the years that followed World War II, dance parties were de rigueur for Saturday evenings. It was not unusual for young men and women to be invited to more than one party at a time. Some teenagers would leave one party early to go to a second party so as not to disappoint or offend the inviter and the likelihood of not being invited again for not showing up. Girls usually came in pairs, as a group or with a partner, but seldom alone. The decade of the Fifties gave birth to Rock and Roll. When Bill Haley and the Comets’ “Rock Around the Clock” became popular in 1955, Portuguese teenagers had already learned to swing and “jive” to Glenn Miller’s “In the Mood”. However, at parties the Big Band Era from the 40’s was still the driving force in music. Strains of Glenn Miller’s “Moonlight Serenade” or Tommy Dorsey’s “On the Sunny Side of the Street” and other popular wartime standards dominated the slow dances. The feel-good innocence of a lot of the Fifties music reflects on the post World War II optimism in Hong Kong. The young people of the time, an emerging force, had endured the restrictions and limitations of the War years. They were looking for something more exciting. The vitality of rock and roll and Latin music from Cuba and South America in the mid-Fifties and the early sixties filled the living rooms where the young Portuguese held their Saturday night parties. They now danced the samba, the mambo and the cha-cha together with the already familiar rumba. Oftentimes influenced by Filipino residents of Hong Kong and small combos of Filipino musicians, an appreciation for the “new” Latin music now flourished and thrived.After attaining their School Leaving Certificate at the age of about 17 or 18, the majority of the youth joined the work force at the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, China Light and Power Company and the Hong Kong Government. In addition, many were employed by other major banks. Besides the banks, large trading ‘hongs’, shipping, insurance and oil companies provided secure clerical employment. Very few people had access to higher education unless they went overseas, in particular to Australia, to study. However, a very few did graduate from Hong Kong University.Fortunately the level of education in Hong Kong was high and those that went out to work assimilated easily into the working environment. As a rule, the young men and women of the Portuguese community were well read, well educated and on the whole smart and well prepared. Their conservative upbringing at home paid off and their social graces were well taught.The youth of the Portuguese community usually married within their own community. As a result, many generations of intermarriage resulted in strong family ties, family values and unity among the Portuguese in Hong Kong. This was also true in Shanghai and Macau. Though the Chinese and a few Europeans did marry into the Portuguese community it was not a common occurrence in Hong Kong – at least during the time period referred to in this book. However, the Portuguese from Macau who moved to Hong Kong seeking employment and those from Shanghai and the Treaty Ports who returned or took refuge in Hong Kong did integrate with the local Portuguese community. Yet they all had their roots from the Macau families of generations past.For centuries and multiple generations the young married, had children and the cycle repeated. They were isolated. In Hong Kong they were neither Chinese nor British. Their lives revolved around their work, their family, and social groups such as church, sporting
Chapter IV • Social Life of the Community (1946 – 1968)59THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIand their two community clubs. World War II and the new technology that followed changed all that. The world outside was no longer distant and a relative unknown. Radio, the movies and the emergence of television soon made it obvious that there were opportunities and a different lifestyle out there, particularly in America. The die was cast – the War then the Riots of 1956 and 1967, the violent times that forged the catalyst which catapulted them from their safe and quiescent environment not only to America, but Australia, Brazil, Canada and other western countries, resulted in the exodus from Hong Kong and the Diaspora.“After the War it was very apparent to our father that his children would have a better future away from Hong Kong. The first thing he did was to send the boys who were in high school to Sydney, Australia in January 1947. There Lionel and Ric graduated from Riverview, Sydney’s leading Jesuit school. Lionel went on from there to Loyola University in Los Angeles in 1948. He then proceeded to medical school at St. Louis University. When Ricardo graduated from Riverview he went on to Sydney University. Our family immigrated in stages beginning in 1948. Lionel was the first, Eduardo immigrated to Los Angeles in 1949. After Ric’s graduation from Sydney University he returned to Hong Kong to apply for his visa to come to the United States. In 1953 Ric and Mercia left Hong Kong and joined Ed in Los Angeles. Hank left for the States in 1955 via Europe. Gloria, Guido and Patrick arrived in Los Angeles at about the same time. The rest of the family, Mom, Dad and Sally arrived in 1956.”94… so ended an era for a majority of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong.94 Poirier, Mercia Silva: Written response to the author’s questionnaire, Los Angeles, 5 December 2009
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed60 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed61THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe final years of the twentieth century saw the end of colonial occupation of Chinese territory by Western powers. In 1997 Hong Kong was returned to China by the British and two years later in 1999, Macau was similarly handed over by the Portuguese. By this time most of the local Portuguese residents had emigrated to other countries of the world, but some remained. Those who stayed continued with their lives as nothing really changed after the “Handover”. In fact Macau prospered with the emergence of many more casinos and Hong Kong continued to grow. Some 500 to 600 from the Portuguese community remained in Hong Kong.Among those that stayed were the leaders of the community, Sir Roger Lobo, Sir Albert Rodrigues, and Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales. Prominent lawyers like Leonardo d’Almada Remedios, his wife Norma (née Rodrigues), their son and daughter, Leonardo José “Leozinho” (Barrister) and Susana Maria “Susie” (Judge), Filipe Diniz d’Almada Remedios (Solicitor), his daughter Corinne d’Almada Remedios Varty (Barrister), Ruy Barretto (Barrister and Senior Counsel), Michael Ozorio (Barrister and Senior Counsel), Robert Ribeiro (Court of Appeal) and Eddie Sousae (Solicitor) still practise in Hong Kong. Doctor Albert “Tito” Rodrigues, son of Sir Albert, also stayed, as did Archie Silva, Jorge Sequeira, Henrique Souza, Leo Barretto (Architect), Comendador Gabriel Dias Azedo, Dr. Arthur Van Langenberg (Senior Surgeon at Canossa Hospital), Dr. Irene Osmund Ruiz, Noreen Sousa (née Phillips), Miro Gonçalves, John Monteiro, Rev. Fr. Lionel Xavier O.P., Rev. Fr. Marciano Baptista S.J. and others. John Jude “Johnny” Monteiro eventually emigrated to the USA but remained as President of Duty Free Shoppers (HK) Ltd., (DFS) for many years, still maintaining his residence in Hong Kong.Following the mass exodus between the mid-1950s and late 1960s, the membership of the two clubs, Lusitano and Recreio, declined. Club de Recreio, which previously only accepted members from the Portuguese community, began to admit members of other ethnic groups. In the years following the Handover only a small percentage of the membership were of Portuguese descent; the majority are now Chinese. The membership grew. The Club continued with its sports and even covered and air conditioned the terrace for permanent seating. Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales remained the President of the Club and both members and visitors continued to use the Club as if nothing had changed. Club Lusitano, on the other hand remained a ‘Portuguese only’ club. However, with the decline in membership from the Lusitanian community, this too may have to change. This ‘gentleman’s club’ now has lady voting members – the first time in the history of Club Lusitano, Hong Kong.The Club now has a total of 190 members of which 53 are ladies. Lady members were admitted in September 2003. The Club has a total of 92 voting members, 10 are lady voting members, the first of which was elevated to that status in November 2005.95Those Who Stayed95 Souza, Henrique: General Manager of Club Lusitano. Letter to the author, Hong Kong, 11 February 2010.Chapter V
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed62 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJason Wordie, a historian living in Hong Kong with great interest in local Portuguese history and culture wrote:“By sheer paucity of numbers it was no longer possible to stand astride the communities, and those who remained had to decide which of the dominant cultures to align with. With these choices being made, the formerly distinct cultural identity has become blurred, and is gradually being lost.With the passage of time the once-ubiquitous role played by the local Portuguese community in the wider life of Hong Kong has become a slowly receding memory, of which only small vestiges remain . . .”96By the mid-1990s the maintenance cost and the necessity of updating much of the Lusitano Club building to satisfy tenant needs became an issue of concern to the Committee of the Club. It was apparent that the Club had to maximize its potential on the prime piece of property in Central Hong Kong it possessed. Considering the cost of maintaining an old building and the renovation necessary, the Committee decided that in the long term it was better for the Club to redevelop this property. An offer from Hang Lung Properties Limited which owned the adjacent property on Duddell Street was considered by the Committee. Their intent was to combine the Lusitano lot with that of another property which extended to Queen’s Road to construct a new building with offices which would be rented out but offering the top floors to Lusitano, rent free, for use as their club premises. This idea was discussed and the Lusitano Committee decided that they could do the same for themselves taking full advantage of the floor area ratio permitted on the property, but without the adjacent lot. There was unconfirmed speculation that an informal proposal by real estate tycoon Li Ka Shing’s company Cheung Kong, to pay the Club for taking over the lease of the property with a similar redevelopment scheme, but Club Lusitano went ahead to develop the property themselves.Comendador Gustavo Uriel da Roza, a practising architect in Vancouver, Canada, was selected to design and prepare construction documents for the new club. Well known among the local Portuguese community and once a member of the club himself, he was offered the assignment and contract.Proud of his Lusitanian ancestry, da Roza set about to design a structure as tall as possible crowned with the Cruz de Cristo (Cross of Christ), a symbol once emblazoned on the sails of Lusitania’s ships of discovery and also insignia of Club Lusitano itself. Using the maximum floor area ratio he managed to get 27 floors with the top five dedicated to the sole use of the Club and the lower floors as offices. Much like the Cheung Kong proposal but without the additional space which would have been possible with the addition of the adjacent property, each floor was restricted in area with low ceilings, except for the 27th floor.A combination of factors including the Asian financial crisis and poor construction management caused delays in construction between 1996 and 2002 which impacted the Club’s capital due to the loss of rental income and the costs of operation in temporary premises for seven years. 96 Wordie, Jason: Fading Legacy of the Loyal Portuguese, article in the South China Morning Post, 21 March 1999.
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed63THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIA handsome 80,000 square foot building, though somewhat confining in floor space configuration, “The new Club building received its Occupation Permit in November 2001 and the Club itself moved into its present premises (23rd to 27th Floors) in March 2002. The official opening of the Club was in June 2002.”97Club Lusitano’s menu features Macaense and Portuguese dishes and for the first time offered a wine list to include many Portuguese wines. The Club’s kitchen can boast the fact that it is the only one preparing credible Portuguese cuisine in Hong Kong.Hanging on the walls of the 26th floor are the awards and decorations which Club Lusitano has received from the Portuguese government and on the lobby of the 25th floor, is a painting of Macau by Michael McDougall which was donated to the Club by architect Gustavo da Roza. On the 27th floor the noble Salão de Camões is capped with a fibre optic illuminated ceiling representing the night sky as would have been seen by the Portuguese navigators on their voyages of discovery. Etched on the walls flanking the entrance to this elegant room are the immortal words from Os Lusíadas - Canto I, of Portuguese poet Luís Vaz de Camões beginning with “As armas e os barões assinalados, Que da Ocidental praia Lusitana, Por mares nunca dantes navegados, . . .” Humbly translated in English to mean “The weapons and Barons which from western Lusitanian shores to seas never sailed before . . . “ The view through full height glass panels opposite the entry is that of Government House, now the office and residence of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Lower Albert Road and part of Queen’s Road. To the credit of the architect the room and view are indeed spectacular.Unique to this private club is a small chapel accessible only from the staircase of the 27th floor to a tiny loft one could call the 28th floor – a sanctuary in which one can spend a few moments in meditation away from pressures of everyday life.Overruns in the cost of construction of the new Club building combined with the global economic crises which made the commercial floors difficult to rent forced Club Lusitano to enter into an 80-year leasehold agreement with the Pioneer Global Group Limited which was signed on July 15, 2009. The Special Provisions of the lease as written in their “announcement” state that: “(1) The Property shall be returned to the Owner (Club Lusitano) on an ‘as is’ basis upon expiry of the 80-year lease term. . . .(2) Upon Completion, the Lessee (Pioneer Global Group Ltd.) shall the lease the 23rd and 24th Floor of the Property to the Owner (Club Lusitano) for a 3-year term with successive options to renew the lease for additional terms of three years at market rate. In addition, the Owner shall be granted a rent-free lease from the Company for the 25th to 27th Floor . . .”98The actual rent for the Club floors (25th to 27th) is HK$1 per year, which is essentially “rent-free”.For Club Lusitano, this lease has saved the Club from financial ruin permitting the Club to retain its primary asset and continue to serve its members in the heart of this magnificent metropolis.97 Souza, Henrique A.: General Manager of Club to the author, Hong Kong, 29 January 2007.98 Pioneer Global Group Limited: Announcement of Lease Agreement dated 15 July 2009, p. 2.
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed64 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II99 Correa, Anthony: Letter to the author, Hong Kong, 30 December 2009.Hong Kong, a bustling and modern city, remains a safe and familiar environment for the few Portuguese who remained behind. They stayed because they like the lifestyle, feel that they have as much opportunity if not more than anywhere else, or have retired with property and the comforts they are used to. Some have returned having the foresight to be a part of the fast emerging world economic power, China. “In simple terms I returned here as I have always believed in Hong Kong and its unique position as the gateway to China. Importantly as someone interested in finance and business it was a logical place for me to come to from a professional and career perspective as Hong Kong is now perhaps second only to New York and London an important international financial centre.We the Macanese have unique perspective/advantages in language, culture, history and experience in Asia and specifically Hong Kong and China, which to me make for a compelling case for the long term future of our community. I find it somewhat ironic that now China is seen as the future, and Asia generally is on the rise when only 30 to 40 years ago our community was fleeing Communist China and subjected to colonial discrimination by the British. Now more and more are returning to the region in search of opportunity . . .”99The world is now a much smaller place and the Portuguese of Hong Kong can easily reach their friends and family who have emigrated by flying out of one of the most advanced and efficient airports in the world. Their symbiotic relations with the Chinese continue in trust and friendship as they have for generations. Hong Kong is their home though for many the World War II dislodged the unquestioned permanence in the land of their birth.“Before the War none of us ever thought we would ever leave Hong Kong or Macau. We were born there, it was our home.”100However, most if not all that left do not have any regrets leaving Hong Kong. They miss their lifestyle with their close and familiar surroundings. They think of the past with some nostalgia, but unlike those that stayed, they feel they have found a country they can now belong to. Eleanor Orth (née Noronha) feels those who emigrated “ …should be remembered as a people who shared a strong communal bond, who worked hard and played well, who were good cooks and enjoyed their food, who were committed to family, and most importantly, who had the courage to surrender their comfortable lives to seek a better life for their families in countries where they could be fully-fledged citizens.I enjoyed my life in Hong Kong and feel very privileged to have had all those wonderful experiences and opportunities. But I am immensely grateful for having had the opportunity to immigrate to the U.S., to become a U.S. citizen, and to enjoy a wonderful life in this great country. I not only have no regrets, I am happy and grateful to call the U.S. my home.” 101This sentiment is shared by the many families who are now citizens of Australia, Canada, Brazil and those who returned to the home of their ancestors – Portugal.100 Xavier, Albertina Garcia: Interview with the author, San Francisco, Califor-nia, 18 November 2009.101 Orth, Eleanor Therese Noronha: Response to the author’s questionnaire. Washington State, 11 December 2009.
CHAPTER V • Those Who Stayed65THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThose who stayed and the few who returned, or whose children did, they are the last residents of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong. Having departed the shores of China, they will never again experience the innocence of living in a country which was not theirs but which they embraced as the only homeland they knew. For many generations their community evolved from Portuguese ancestors and consanguineous ethnic relations assimilating their customs, language, and food. The Portuguese of Hong Kong and the China coast have their place in history but will their presence be remembered by those outside their phylogeny? Imprinted in the pages of this book and its predecessor are the faces and names of the last few generations the Portuguese community in Hong Kong, the port of departure of the descendants of the Portuguese pioneers who first landed and lived in China for four and a half centuries: 1557-1999.
66 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II
67THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IITHE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II Photographs
68 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILeonardo d’Almada e Castro [1815 – 1875]Courtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
69THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJosé Maria d’Almada e Castro [1823 – 1881]Copy submitted by Gerald d’Almada from the original daguerreotypein the collection of Ruy Barretto
70 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJosé Maria and Idalina Maria d’Almada e Castro [circa 1865]Courtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
71THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILucas António de Brito and Daughter [circa 1860]Maria Josefa de Brito | Lucas António de BritoCourtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collection
72 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThree Generations of the Barreto Family [circa 1878]Bartolomeu Barreto (unmarried son of Leopoldina Grandpré Barreto) | Belmira Maria Demée ? (mother of the 3 boys) | Angélica Maria da Luz Barreto? (Bartolomeu’s sister)Octávio José Demée Barreto | Orta-a (nanny from Timor)Middle Row: Alberto Mário Demée Barreto | Leopoldina Francisca Grandpré BarrettoFront Row: Frederico Alexandre Demée Barreto | Francisca de Paula“Chiquiting” | Maria da Dôres Barreto?Courtesy: Frederic A. “Jim” Silva | collection
73THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisco de Sales Botelho Family [circa 1882]Back Row: Guilherme Sabino Botelho | Francisca Maria “Paquita” Botelho | Francisco de Sales Botelho (standing) | Lindamira Maria da Costa Botelho Francisco Xavier “Bottles” Botelho (child on lap) | Maria Augusta BotelhoFront Row: Joana Rosa Botelho | Ricardina Francisca BotelhoCourtesy: Carmen Melânia Botelho Oliveira | collection
74 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAlfredo Maria and Epicarídis Roza Pereira Family [1886]Back Row: Alfredo António | Fernão Maria | José Maria (baby) Epicarídis Ana Placé Roza Pereira | Roberto Maria holding Braz | Francisco MariaFront Row: João Maria | Eulália Maria | Maria de Lourdes (standing) | Alfredo Maria Roza Pereira | Epicarídis MariaCourtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
75THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMaria Filomena Rosa Pereira de Noronha and her two Daughters [circa 1890]Clara Camila Evangelina de Noronha | Maria Filomena Rosa Pereira de Noronha | Umbelina Maria de NoronhaCourtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
76 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMaria Luísa dos Santos Guterres [circa 1880]Courtesy: Lourdes Guterres Remedios | collection
77THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICecília Guilhermina Machado [circa 1898]Courtesy: Richard Silbert (Nolasco da Silva)collection
78 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILeonardo and Laura Maria Alves d’Almada e Castro [circa 1902]Courtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
79THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJoão Baptista Gonçalves with Wife and Daughter [circa 1902]Idalina Micaela da Costa Gonçalves | Maria Iria da Costa Gonçalves | João Baptista GonçalvesCourtesy: John and Olga Gonçalves | collection
80 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIZelinda Emídia Gomes, her Daughter Clariza Ana Ozorio and Grandchildren [circa 1903] Back Row: Stella Maria da Asunção Ozorio | Zelinda Emídia Cordeiro GomesClariza Ana Cordeiro Gomes Ozorio | Henrique Alberto OzorioFront Row: Edmundo Artur Ozorio | Fausto Maria OzorioCourtesy: Beatriz Ozorio McDougall | collection
81THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBraga Family [circa 1903]Photographer – Man Fook, ‘near the steamer wharf’, Macau Delfino “Chappie” Braga | Olive Pauline Braga | Maude Braga | Jean Pauline Braga | Carolina Maria de Noronha Braga (mother of J.P. Braga) Clemente Alberto Braga | José Maria “Jack” BragaCourtesy: J.M. Braga Pictures | Collection, Box 2, National Library of AustraliaOriginal enhanced by Stuart Braga
82 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISons of Alfredo Maria Rosa Pereira and Epicarídis Placé Rosa Pereira [1893]Back Row: Francisco Maria | Alfredo António | João Maria | José Maria Front Row: Fernão Maria | Alfredo Maria Rosa PereiraCourtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
83THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDaughters of Alfredo Maria and Epicarídis Rosa Pereira [circa 1916]Maria de Lourdes Rosa PereiraEpicarídis Maria Rosa PereiraJoana Maria “Joaninha” Rosa PereiraEpicarídis Ana Placé Rosa PereiraAngelina Maria de Carvalho Rosa Pereira (wife of Francisco Maria)Courtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
84 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection[circa 1900]Fernando Celle de Menezes Maria Bernardina de Senna Fernandes Menezes
85THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection[circa 1900]Pedro Nolasco da Silva Edith Maria Angier Nolasco da Silva
86 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: Hong Kong University Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues[circa 1900]Grandparents of Sir Albert Maria RodriguesEmílio Ernesto Rodrigues Sara Maria de Carvalho Rodrigues
87THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIParents of Sir Albert Maria RodriguesCourtesy: Hong Kong University | Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues[circa 1911]Giovanina dos Remedios Rodrigues Luís Gonzaga de Carvalho Rodrigues
88 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWedding of José Cândido Guterres and Hilda Maria Lopes [3 November 1906]Back Row: Irene Maria Lopes | Artur António Lopes | Virginia Ana “Bessie” Machado Lopes | Luísito Lopes | Maria Antónia de Jesus Lopes (bride’s mother) António Paulo Guterres (groom’s father) | Hilda Maria de Jesus Lopes Guterres (bride) | José Cândido Guterres (groom) | Lino José Lopes (bride’s father) Sílvia Maria dos Santos Lopes | António Lopes | Carolina Maria Lopes | Francisca Xavier “Chiquinha” Rosario Guterres | Francisco José de Noronha LopesFront Row: Evelina Maria Lopes | Carlos Henrique Lopes | Secundino António | Unknown | Henrique José LopesCourtesy: Lourdes Guterres Remedios | collection
89THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJosé and Clariza Ozorio Family [circa 1907]Back Row: Edmundo Artur “Acheong” | Henrique Alberto | José Angélico Lopes Ozorio | Clariza Ana Cordeiro Gomes Ozorio | Stella Maria da Assunção “Dodd”Middle Row: Letícia Emília “Letty” | Beatriz Olivia “Bea”Front: Fausto Maria “Toto”Courtesy: Beatriz Ozorio McDougall | collection
90 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWedding of Alberto Teófilio Ribeiro and Maria Celeste Menezes [3 September 1911]Photo taken at the Veranda of the Countess of Senna Fernandes in MacauMaria Celeste de Senna Fernandes de Menezes | Alberto Teófilio Picard RibeiroCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
91THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAlberto Teófilio Picard Ribeiro and Family [1912]Back: Alberto Teófilio Picard Ribeiro | Maria Amelia de Senna Fernandes MenezesFront: Maria Bernardina de Senna Fernandes Menezes | Maria Celeste Menezes RibeiroMaria Alíce de Menezes Ribeiro (baby)Courtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
92 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlinho, Alberto and Francisco [1909]Carlos Eduardo “Carlinho” Roza-Pereira | Alberto José Castro | Francisco Maria Roza-PereiraCourtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
93THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIOfficers of the Hong Kong Police Reserve[circa 1907]Front Row Right: Leonardo “Leo” d’Almada e CastroCourtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
94 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisco Xavier Family [circa 1913]Francisco Augustinho Maria XavierAlberto Carlos XavierMaria Elisa dos Santos XavierArnaldo Xavier (baby)Courtesy: Albertina Garcia Xavier | collection
95THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisco “Paco” and Isabel Hyndman and Daughters [circa 1916]Isabel Sanchez Milano Hyndman (second wife) Francisco Henrique “Paco” Hyndman Francisca Maria “Frances” HyndmanEulália Maria “Anui” HyndmanCourtesy: Robert Xavier | collection
96 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisco Garcia Family [circa 1918]Back Row: Carmen Garcia | Alex Garcia | Mary Brown Garcia | Rufus Garcia | Clara Brown Garcia | Francisco “Chico” GarciaMiddle Row: Francisco Garcia | Cynthia Garcia (little girl) | Desideria Rocha Garcia | Flávio GarciaFront Row: Albertina Garcia | Consuela GarciaCourtesy: Albertina Garcia | collection
97THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Family of José Pedro and Olive Braga [circa 1920]Photographer - Mumeya & Sano, 8A Queen’s Road, Central, Hong KongIt was a large family of thirteen but Delfino “Chappie”, the second son, had died in 1917.Back Row (standing): Clement | James | Jack | Noel | Hugh | TonyMiddle Row (seated): Maude | Mary | Olive (Mother) | Caroline | JeanFront Row (seated on floor): Paul | JohnCourtesy: Stuart Braga | collection
98 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIVeríssimo and Maria Gonçalves [circa 1920]Veríssimo Cláudio da Costa Gonçalves Maria da Assunção Hyndman GonçalvesCourtesy: John and Olga Gonçalves | collection
99THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILuís Eugénio dos Remedios [1921]Courtesy: Jorge Remedios | collection
100 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Children of José and Clariza Ozorio [circa 1922]Photograph taken in SwatowBack Row: Fausto Maria | Henrique Alberto | Edmundo Artur | Fernando AntónioFront Row: Beatriz Olívia | Stella Maria Ozorio da Mota | Letícia Emília | Zelinda AngélicaCourtesy: Beatriz Ozorio McDougall | collection
101THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlos Augusto dos Passos Xavier Family [circa 1920 - 1922]Luís Eduardo de Souza | Leonor Maria Xavier de Souza | Olívia Maria Xavier Ozorio | Rita Maria Celeste Xavier | Alberto Xavier | Lancelot A. BartonSr. Mary Chanel (Áurea Xavier) | Cezaria Filomena Sequeira Xavier | Carlos Augusto dos Passos Xavier | Esther Xavier BartonCourtesy: Julie de Souza Regenbogen | collection
102 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisco Henrique “Paco” and Eulália Hyndman’s Daughters [October 1921]Clotilde Maria “Tiddy” | Eulalia Maria “Anui” | Francisca Maria “Frances” Catherina Amélia “Katie” (sitting on floor)Courtesy: Clotilde Maria “Tiddy” Hyndman | collection
103THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFour Young Ladies – circa 1925Letícia Emília “Letty” Ozorio | UnknownBeatrice Maria “Tuxie” Xavier | Beatriz Olívia “Bea” OzorioCourtesy: Gerald “Gerry” McDougall | collection
104 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMaria Christina Rosello Botelho [circa 1922]Courtesy: Carmen Melânia Botelho Oliveira | collection
105THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II João Maria Rosa Pereira [1880 - 1955] José Maria Rosa Pereira [1886 - ?]Courtesy: Francisco Maria Roza-Pereira | collectionSubmitted by Victor Roza-Pereira
106 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAntónio and Ricardina Botelho da Cruz [1922]António Maria Augusto Botelho da Cruz | Ricardina Francisca “Cadin” de Sales Botelho da CruzCourtesy: Maria da Conceição “Kimi” McGrann | collection
107THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMaria de Brito [circa 1929]Courtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collectionLia Maria Severa Soares de Brito [circa 1940]
108 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBasto Family [1926]Back Row: Lucette “Lucy” Patard Basto | Bernadino “Baby” de Castro Basto | Ellen Mary “Nellie” Basto | Carlos Henrique “Henry” de Castro BastoAngelina Augusta Rangel de Azevedo Basto | Roberto Alexandre “Alex” de Castro Basto (with glasses behind column) | Olga Maria Yvanovich de Castro Basto | Carlos Pompeia de Castro Basto2nd Row: Luís Eduardo Fernandes Basto (wearing glasses) | José Maria “Dudie” d’Almada Remedios | Rose Glassman Basto (in front of “Dudie”) | Alda Maria de Senna Fernandes BastoCasimira Catarina de Senna Fernandes Basto (in Black) | Constance Mary David Basto | José Maria “Jeje” or “Jejito” de Castro Basto (with beard) | António Hermenegildo de Castro Basto (wearing glasses) 3rd Row: José Maria de Azevedo de Castro Basto (in front of Luís) | Ana Maria de Azevedo de Castro Basto ( in white) | Maria Augusta BastoFront Row: Júlio Alberto de Castro Basto (sitting on step) | Constance Mary “Peggy” Basto | João José de Castro Basto (behind Peggy) | Yvonne Basto (next to Peggy)Casimira Catarina (Mila) de Senna Fernandes Basto (became Maryknoll Sister Cândida Maria) | Leonardo José d’Almada Remedios (little boy)Courtesy: José Maria “Jojo” Basto | collection
109THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAndré Peres da Silva Family [1927]Back Row: Amy Hoyes | Maria Teresa da Silva | Francisco “Ito” Xavier da Silva | Serena Blandina dos Remedios da SilvaSecond Row: Fernando Augusto José da Silva | André Maria Peres da Silva | Jerómino Augusto da SilvaFront Row: Maria Teresa da Silva | Carlos Borromeu Carneiro da Silva | António Augusto da SilvaCourtersy: António Augusto da Silva | collection
110 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBridal Shower for Marie Souza hosted by Julia Soares [circa 1927]Photograph taken at the Soares residence 2 Liberty Avenue, Homuntin, KowloonBack Row standing: Celina Hyndman (née Rozario) | Ellaline Osmund | Hilda Sousa | …?... Oliveira | Olive Barretto | Annie Sousa Unknown (partly hidden) could possibly be Olga da Costa nee Figueiredo | Ophelia Barretto | Unknown (hidden) | Chelly Figueiredo | Laura Figueiredo Annie de Carvalho (nee da Silva)2nd Row Seated: Alice “Ali” Osmund | Unknown (hidden) | Clothilde “Tilly” Barretto | Marie d’Almada Remedios | Ana “Annie” da Silva (née Barros Pereira) Zaida Barros | Alice GomesFront Row Seated: Aggie Barnes | Julia Soares | Marie Sousa | Lolita SousaCourtesy: J. Bosco Correa | collection
111THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMatriculation “A” Class, St. Joseph’s College, Hong Kong [1927]Back Row: 3rd from left, standing - Tony “Butter” Noronha | 4th from left, standing – Roy Danenberg ? | 5th from left, standing – Renato Alvares 10th from left, standing - Francisco Gill | 11th from left, standing – Alberto Pinna ? Front Row: 3rd from left, sitting - Pedro “Peter” Botelho | 4th from left, sitting - Albert Rodrigues | 5th from left, Brother Aimar (Director) | 9th from left, sitting - Charlie Figueiredo8th from left, sitting - Joaquim Guterres Courtesy: Tony “Butter” Noronha | collection
112 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClub Lusitano, Ice House Street, Hong Kong [circa 1930s]From J. P. Braga’s Portuguese Pioneering A Hundred Years of Hong Kong. Published 1941Top Left: Salão de Camões | Bottom Left: Entrance Hall and Stairs to Library and Reading RoomCourtesy: National Library of Australia | J. M. Braga collection
113THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClub de Recreio on Gascoigne Road, KowloonTop: The building in the 1930s From J. P. Braga’s Portuguese Pioneering A Hundred Years of Hong Kong. Published 1941Bottom: The building in the mid-1960sCourtesy: National Library of Australia | collection J. M. Braga collection and António M. Jorge da Silva | collections
114 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancisca Maria Hyndman [1920] Catarina “Katie” Hyndman [1930]Courtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
115THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILetícia Emília “Letty” and Zelinda Angélica “Angie” OzorioCourtersy: Gerald “Gerry” McDougall | collection
116 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHenrique José da Silva and Áurea Celina de Carvalho [Wedding 1923]Back Row: Frederico Leocádio “Ico” da Silva | Frederico Eugénio de Carvalho | Fernão Henrique de CarvalhoFront Row: Leonor Collaço | Henrique José da Silva | Áurea Celina de Carvalho da Silva | Herminia SantosCourtesy: Mercia da Silva Poireir | collection
117THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJosé Maria “Dick” D’Almada and Elizabeth Pearson Wedding [10 October 1931]Photo taken at the Stairway of the Rectory of Rosary Church, Chatham Road, KowloonBack Row: Michael Xavier | George Pearson | Freddy BrownFront Row: Molly D’Almada | Carmen Botelho | Vivian Rull (Flower Girl 1) José Maria “Dick” D’Almada (d’Almada e Castro - Groom)Elizabeth Catherine “Betty” Pearson (Bride) | Margie Xavier (Flower Girl 2)Ana Joaquina “Belle” D’Almada | Unknown (Flower Girl 3)Courtesy: Gerald D’Almada | collection
118 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collectionOlga Augusta Pacheco Jorge da SilvaJúlio António Eugénio da Silva [circa 1933]
119THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIChildren of Júlio and Olga Pacheco Jorge da Silva [circa 1933]Américo Maria “Méca” | Maria Amália | Francisco Xavier “Chico” | João Vasco “Johnny” | Nuno Maria do Carmo “Jorge”Courtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
120 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJoaquim P. Xavier and Clotilde Hyndman Wedding [21 January 1933]Photo taken at 1 Liberty Avenue Kowloon, Arthur Osmund’s HouseBack Row: Unknown | Authur Osmund (behind bride & groom) | Vicente Yvanovich Front Row: “Cecelia “Cissy” Noronha | Joaquim Pedro Xavier | Clotilde “Tiddie” HyndmanKaty (Katherine) HyndmanCourtesy: Clotilde “Tiddie” Hyndman Xavier | collection
121THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIGeorge Thomas Palmer – Katarina Amélia “Katie” Hyndman Wedding [1 December 1934]Natércia “Nettie” Lobo | Pedro José Lobo | Katarina “Katie” Hyndman | Dolores “Lola” Hyndman (behind) | George Thomas Palmer | Unknown (best man) | Olivia “Olly” HyndmanCourtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
122 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBrown Family Gathering at Club de Recreio [circa 1930s]Back Row: Liza Laurel (née Brown) | Edward “Edo” Brown | Arthur “Abe” Brown | Alice Xavier | Margie Xavier (Child carried by Alice) | Camilla BrownFreddy Brown | Jeannie Pearson (née Brown – behind Norman) | Norman Osborne (child) | Bertha Osborne (holding Norman)Freddy (child held by Mary) Mary Garcia | George Pearson (behind Freddy) | Tracy Rull (née Brown)Middle Row: Eddie Laurel (little boy) | Mercia Roza (née Garcia) | Adeline Costa (née Xavier) | Hilda Silva (née Garcia) | Betty D’Almada (née Pearson) Maria Clara “Cha-Cha” de Sousa Brown (Seated in front of Betty) | Mario Garcia (child held by “Cha-Cha”) | Billy Garcia | Gerry Garcia | Hugo GarciaVivian Refeek (née Rull) | Nani Rull | Charles Laurel (next to Tracy) | Rufie Garcia | Reggie GarciaFront Row (sitting on ground): Sonny Brown | Dolly Maddox (née Brown) | Belinda Roza (née Xavier) | Barbie Laurel | Thelma Medina (née Garcia) | Tony GarciaPeter Rull | Cyril Osborne | Elfrida Antonio (née Garcia) | Leslie Laurel | Bertie XavierCourtesy: Gerald D’Almada | collection
123THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlinho d’Assumpção’s Birthday Party [1933]Top Row: Unknown | Myra Noronha | Eduardo” Edo” Noronha | Laura “Lolita” Yvanovich | Sylvaia Carvalho? | Alzira d’Assumpção | Carlinho d’Assumpção Maria Regina “Micas” d’Assumpção | Manuel Guterres? | Augusta GuterresMiddle Row: Thelmo Remedios | Rennie Remedios | Doreen Houghton? | Estelle d’Almada? | Alda Marques | Thelma Marques | Marie Guterres | Connie RemediosTherese Rodrigues | Tommie Rodrigues (partly hidden) | Celsa Monteiro | Carlos Yvanovich | Theresa Yvanovich | Jackie Brown | Dollie Brown (head turned)Unknown (hidden) | Landie Remedios | Delcie Remedios? | Guilherme “Avichi” Yvanovich (kneeling) | Tony Byot (kneeling) Front Row: Gerald d’Almada? | Unknown | Margarida “Guida” Marques? | Robert “Bob” Remedios | Deniz “Chappy” Remedios | Socorro Rodrigues?Francisco “Sonny” Monteiro | José Ribeiro? (on Sonny’s lap) | Gloria Roza | Basilio “Lillo” Xavier | Sebastian “Sebas” Carvalho? | Freddie BrownJosé Guterres | Bernard BrownCourtesy: Henry “Quito” d’Assumpção | collection
124 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBarretto Family [Christmas 1934]Photo by Leo D’Almada e Castro, Volume III, Negative No.6 Back Row: João José “John” Basto | Horácio João Barretto | Octávio José Demée Barretto | Ofélia Leopoldina Barretto Nolasco da SilvaPedro “Peter” Nolasco da Silva | Alfonso Orlando Barretto Front Row: Olívía Maria “Olive” Barretto Basto | Joana Rosa “Amy” Botelho Barretto | Clotilde “Tilly” Barretto d’Almada e CastroCourtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
125THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPorfírio Maria and Gecília Guilhermina Machado Nolasco da Silva Family [circa 1934]Back Row: Edith Maria Edith Nolasco da Silva | Artur Leonel (Nolasco da Silva) Sanderson | Porfírio Maria Nolasco da Silva Jr.Pedro “Peter” Nolasco da Silva | Alberto Carlos (Nolasco da Silva) Silbert | Carlos Humberto Nolasco da Silva | Laura Maria Nolasco da SilvaFront Row: Maria Alíce Ribeiro Nolasco da Silva | José Maria Nolasco da Silva | Pedro Zanatti | Cecília Guilhermina Machado Nolasco da Siva Profírio Maria Nolasco da Silva | Mario Zanatti | Maria Cecília Nolasco da Silva Zanatti | Mario Ribeiro da Costa ZanattiCourtesy: Richard Silbert (Nolasco da Silva) | collection
126 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends at 13 Mile Beach, Castle Peak Road, Kowloon [circa 1935]Photograph taken in front of the Yvanovich/Lopes Shack at 13 Mile BeachBack Row: Josie Figueiredo | Marcus Gutierrez | Vancie Marques | Marie Figueiredo | Bertie Gosano | Pam Yvanovich | Luigi Gosano | Eddie Lopes | Linda Gosano Renaldo Gutierrez | Lolita Yvanovich | Augusto Remedios | Rene Campos?Middle Row: Lino Gosano | Ave GosanoFront Row: Theresa Yvanovich | Theresa Gutierrez | Tony Lopes | Tessie Lopes | Carlos YvanovichCourtesy: Marie Figueiredo | collection
127THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISome Ladies of the Portuguese Community in Hong Kong [circa 1935]Back Row: Unknown | Unknown | Ali Osmund | Angie Ribeiro | Irene Botelho | Nena Ribeiro | Hilda Gaan | Rita Xavier | Unknown | Anizia Barros Carmen Vandenberg dos Remedios | Unknown | Ana Joaquina “Belle” Reed | Angie Xavier2nd Row: Alice Roza | Mercedes Alves | Alice Remedios Gloria d’Almada | Olga Lawrence | Anna Basto | Elsie Britto | Marie Ribeiro | Zaida BarrosAugusta “Tuti” Noronha | Aida Noronha | Regina Ribeiro | Sylvia Remedios3rd Row: Elsa Ribeiro | Marie Pia Guterres | Vera Ribeiro | Rita Xavier | Mercedes Roza | Angela Alves | Mythie Silva | Bertha “Bar” Remedios Aggie Barnes | “Kimi” Barretto | Alda Britto | Maggie Xavier | Myra Noronha | Cecilia Noronha4th Row: Silvia “Nanoya” Vandenberg dos Remedios | Elfrida “Effy” Roza | Marie Basto | Maria Fernanda Cabral | Molly Remedios | Lina Silva-NettoFront Row: Carmen Roza | Leonor Maria “Anui” Gomes | “Nokki” Xavier | Celly Osmund | Cynthia Silva | Olga Ribeiro | Maryann SilvaCourtesy: Marie Camille Barros Gonsalves | collection
128 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFancy Dress for the Joint Birthday Party of Sisters Ramona and Edith Xavier [circa 1935]1. Gaudie Costa | 2. Silvia Tavares | 3. Alvaro Xavier | 4. Olga Xavier | 5. Therese Noronha | 6. Therese Campos | 7. Diana Silva | 8. Yolanda Remedios | 9. Lolly Costa10. Gloria da Roza | 11. Alfredo Tavares | 12. Meme Xavier | 13. ..?.. Xavier | 14. Nuno Xavier | 15. Socorro Castro | 16. Unknown | 17. Unknown | 18. Gila Xavier19. Lionel Houghton | 20. Gerald Van Langenberg | 21. Shirley Van Langenberg | 22. Marie Silva | 23. Bobby Houghton | 24. Yolly Franco | 25. ..?.. Silva | 26. Hilda Silva27. Eugenio Tavares | 28. Unknown 29. Vilma Silva | 30. Frankie Correa | 31. Unknown | 32. Verlinde Xavier | 33. Patsy Tavares | 34. Daniel Rocha | 35. Ramona Xavier36. Basilio Xavier | 37. Doreen Houghton | 38. Norma Larcina | 39. Bosco Correa | 40. Catherine Remedios | 41. Carlinho d’Assumpção | 42. ?Verlinda Xavier? | 43. ? Tsma Xavier?44. Guida Marques 45. Tony Rocha | 46. Eugénio Xavier | 47. ?Therese d’Almada Remedios? | 48. Jackie Xavier | 49. Danny Tavares | 50. Edith Xavier | 51. ?Mildred Xavier?Courtesy: Lolly Costa | collection
129THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFancy Dress for the Joint Birthday Party of Sisters Ramona and Edith Xavier [circa 1935]Photo taken on the roof terrace of their apartment block on Waterloo Road by the railway bridge at the bottom of Homantin Street in KowloonCourtesy: Lolly Costa | collection
130 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlinho d’Assumpção’s Birthday Party [1937]Top Row (standing): Theresa Yvanovich | Gloria da Roza | Elga Xavier | Unknown infant | Francisco “Sonny” Monteiro.Second Row (standing): Alda Marques | Doreen Houghton | Connie Remedios | Therese d’Almada Remedios | Marie Guterres | Telmo Remedios Freddie “Boy Boy” Brown | Bobbie Houghton | Basilio “Lilo” Xavier | Rene Remedios | Frankie Correa | Unknown | “Buddy” Roza | Tony RochaThird Row (standing): Wanda Rodrigues | Rita Marques? | Unknown | Jacqueline Xavier | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown Bernardine d’Almada Remedios | Guida Marques | Carlos d’Almada Remedios | Denis “Chappy” d’Almada Remedios | Carlos “Carlinho” d’Assumpção | Bernard Brown | Danny HoughtonJosé Guterres | Gilberto da Luz ? | Manuel Guterres | Edo Noronha | Junior Remedios | Gina Xavier | Ramona XavierFront Row: (standing/sitting): Carlos d’Assumpção | Unknown | Shirley van Langenberg? | Carlotta Figueiredo | Sylvia Carvalho | Olivia Marques Daniel Rocha | Henrique “Quito” d’Assumpção | Pamela Correa | Bosco Correa | Unknown | Unknown | Sebastian Carvalho ? | Jojo Alonço | Edith XavierCourtesy: Henry “Quito” d’Assumpção | collection
131THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Family of Isidoro Miguel and Letícia Angélica Xavier [1937]Fondly known by the Portuguese community as the “McDonnell Road Xaviers”Back Row: Frederico António “Fred” Xavier carrying João Xavier | Henrique Francisco “Henry” da Luz | Carmen Augusta “Cita” Xavier | Miguel António “Mike” XavierFaustino António Luís “Tony” Xavier | José Hermenegildo Horácio “Joe” Xavier carrying Roberto XavierSecond Row: Angelina Maria dos Remédios Xavier with Manuel Xavier on her lap | Sílvia Eulália “Chiby” Xavier da Luz | Isidoro Miguel “Ito” XavierLetícia Angélica dos Remédios Xavier | Júlia Maria Gutierrez “Julie” Xavier with Margarida Xavier on her lap | Maria Fausta Ribeiro dos Remédios XavierFront Row: Antonina Maria “Nana” da Luz | Teresa Letícia Xavier | Francisco José Hilário Xavier | Ricardo José António da Luz | Antonio Augusto XavierJoaquim Amaro da Luz | Eulália Maria “Lallie” Xavier | Lindamira Eulália “Lindy” da LuzCourtesy: Albert Xavier | collection
132 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWinners of the Hong Kong Badminton League [1935-1936]Winners of “A” Division Men’s Doubles, Mixed Doubles and Ladies DoublesBack Row: Nick Beltrão | Lionel Carvalho | Henrique Alberto Barros | José “Josin” Remedios | Eduardo “Godex” Sousa | Alberto “Moofie” Xavier | António “Abotti” SilvaMiddle Row: Cynthia Silva | Unknown | Cita Sousa | Unknown (President Club de Recreio?) | Mylthie Silva | Sarin Remedios | Olga RibeiroFront Row: Marcus Oliveira | Henrique “Dick” AlvesCourtesy: Marie Camille Barros Gonsalves | collection
133THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIChristmas Party at Club de Recreio [circa 1936-37]Courtesy: Jorge Remedios | collection
134 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILt. Christopher Paulo “Bippo” d’Almada e Castro [1937]Photograph taken at a HKVDF Camp in the New TerritoriesHe was later Captain d’Almada e Castro, commander of the No. 5 Portuguese Machine Gun Company during the Battle for Hong Kong in 1941Courtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
135THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IINo. 5 Portuguese Machine Gun Company, HKVDC [1937]Top Row (standing): Royal Scots Instructor | José T. P. Sousa? | Arthur Basto | Charlie Nolasco da Silva | Porfirio Nolasco da Silva Jr. | Christopher “Bippo” d’Almada e Castro Eneas Cunha | Eduardo “Bippo” Alves | Carlos “Sluggo” Soares | Quentino Castilho? | Royal Scots InstructorMiddle Row (kneeling): Unknown | Unknown | Roy Danenberg? | Jock Gardner? | Benny Baleros | Arthur Brown? | Miguel “Mike” MendonçaFront Row: Francisco or João Barretto | Unknown | Unknown | Luiz “Mano” Sequeira? | Luigi d’Almada Remedios | Francisco “Chico” Collaço | UnknownCourtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
136 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMarcus de Carvalho and Edris d’Aquino Wedding [8 June 1935]Rosary Church, KowloonBack Row: José Goulart d’Aquino | Eneas Goulart d’Aquino | Amalia de Carvalho Remedios | Francisco Xavier Maria “Spuggy” da SilvaFront Row: Ethelvira Ribeiro Remedios | Dulce d’Aquino | Edris d’Aquino de Carvalho | Marcus de Carvalho | Guilhermina d’Aquino OzorioEusebio d’Aquino (boy) | Eugenia Vieira Ribeiro d’Aquino.Courtesy: Jorge and Raquel Remedios | collection
137THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJohn Gonçalves and Olga Maria de Sena e Melo Wedding [9 October 1938]Photograph by Po Man Lau, MacauCristina Maria de Sena e Melo | António Alexandrino Gonzaga de Melo | Maria Estelka de Sena e Melo | Olívia Maria Hyndman Lobo | Alberto António de Sena e Melo João Baptista “John” Gonçalves (groom) | Unknown (behind groom) | Olga Maria de Sena e Melo Gonçalves (bride) | Unknown (behind groom) | Maria da Assunção Hyndman Gonçalves | Letícia Maria “Letty” de Sena e Melo | Pedro José Lobo | Maria Iria Gonçalves da Rosa | José Lourenço de Sena e Melo | Henrique Francisco “Memie” Gonçalves Norma Valesca Gonçalves | Maria Teresa “Terry” Gonçalves | Luís António de Sena e Melo (behind Terry) | Lília Maria de Sena e Melo | Unknown Alberto António Conceição de Melo (page boy)Courtesy: John and Olga Gonçalves | collection
138 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIVictor Henrique de Oliveira and Carmen Melânia Botelho Wedding [1 April, 1939]Rosary Church, KowloonCourtesy: Carmen Melânia Botelho Oliveira collection
139THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBelarmino “Bertie” Gosano and Palmyra “Pam” Yvanovich Wedding [7 April 1940]Photograph by Mee Chung, 15 Ice House Street, Hong KongTheresa Yvanovich | Fr. Granelli | Avelina Gosano | Lino Gosano | Adeliza Marques Gosano | Bertie Gosano | Pam Yvanovich Gosano | Palmyra Lopes Yvanovich Philippe “Pito” Yvanovich | Alzira Yvanovich | Carlos “Calau” Yvanovich (partly hidden) | José Maria “Joe” de Noronha | Laura Yvanovich Henrique “Quito” d’Assumpção (boy in background)Courtesy: Palmyra “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano | Collection
140 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIIsabella “Bella” Palmer’s 3rd Birthday [1939]Photo taken at 3 Homantin St., KowloonTop Row: (two boys with ties) | António Guterres | Manuel Guterres2nd Row (Sitting): George Noronha | Gerald d’AlmadaJunior Remedios | João d’Assumpção Rennie BarrettoCarlos d’Assumpção3rd Row (Sitting): Estelle d’Almada | UnknownEleanor Xavier | Frankie Barnes | Freda SilvaFront Row: Unknown | Isabella Palmer | ? Patsy Britto ?Unknown (back of head)Courtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
141THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFive Assumpção Cousins [circa 1940]Carlota (Figueiredo) Williams daughter of Henri and Amália (d’Assumpção) Figueiredo | João d’Assumpção (son of Carlos “Assau” and Lizzie Oliveira d’Assumpção)Henry “Quito” d’Assumpção (son of Bernardino “Riri” and Alizira Luiz d’Assumpção) | Carlos d’Assumpção (son of Carlos “Assau”) | Carlinho d’Assumpção (brother to “Quito”)Courtesy: Henry “Quito” d’Assumpção collection
143THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMarie Christine Alves’ 1st Birthday [30 August 1940]Courtesy: Sheila Collaço | collection
144 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPhilippe and Palmyra Yvanovich 25th Wedding Anniversary [7 November 1940]Back Row: Carlos “Calau” Yvanovich | Laura “Lolita” Yvanovich | Philippe Yvanovich Jr. | Guilherme “Avichi” Yvanovich | Theresa “Tich” Yvanovich Belarmino “Bertie” GosanoFront Row: Alzira Yvanovich | Philippe “Pito” Yvanovich | Palmyra Augusta Lopes Yvanovich | Palmira “Pam” Yvanovich GosanoCourtesy: Palmira “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano | collection
145THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBoys at Boxing Day Celebration Club de Recreio [26 December 1940](Club de Recreio held children’s races with prizes for the first three the day after Christmas)Behind Row of Boys: Henrique “Quito” da Graça | Eddie Xavier (boy) | Unknown Man | Roy “Boy” Xavier | Unknown LadyBoys in Line-up: João Assumpção | Robert “Sonny” Sequeira | Carlinho Xavier | Frankie Loureiro | Manuel Nunes | Roberto Eduardo Xavier | Unknown (looking down) Jorge “Beany” Remedios (man Squatting) | Vincent Remedios | Unknown (looking down) | Ruy Remedios | Gerry RemediosCourtesy: Vincent Remedios | collection
146 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIComposite of Prisoner of War José Tomas Placé Souza’s Letter to his Brother [1942]Courtesy: Olga Cordeiro de Souza | collectionLetter to António Maria Placé Souzafrom his brother José Tomas Placé Souza.,Prisoner of War Camp “S” Number 147(Shamshuipo Camp) in Hong Kongbefore he was sent to slave labour in Japan.
147THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“Lest We Forget the Great Sacrifice”Portuguese Members of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps 1939 – 1945Collage prepared from pages in the souvenir book illustrated in color by C.S.M. Marciano Francisco “Naneli” BaptistaCourtesy: Filomeno “Meno” Baptista collection
148 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISecond Inter-Centre Dramatic Competition Program [Macau 13 and 14 April 1945]Courtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz collection
149THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDinners to Honour British Consul John Pownall Reeves [Macau 1944 and 1945]Courtesy: J. M. Braga collection, National Library of Australia
150 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISendai Prisoners – Group 1 [1945]Back Row: António “Butter” Noronha | J. C. Remedios | Arthur Basto | E. J. Figueiredo | Henrique “Ariri” NoronhaMiddle Row: Darius C. Alves | J. F. D. Ribeiro | A. M. Baptista | Eduardo “Dicky” Noronha | António “Smoky” XavierFront Row: Pepe Baleros | Caetano M. “Gaita” Azedo | Johnny FonsecaCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
151THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISendai Prisoners – Group 2 [1945]Back Row: Frederic W. “Buster” Hollands | Robert J. “Bobby” Barnes | Pepe Baleros | Unknown | Hugo Garcia | Willie Garcia | Leo CamposMiddle Row: Reggie Reed | David Demée | Mario Roza | A. Cruz | António “Smoky” XavierFront Row: Caetano M. “Gaita” Azedo | Tommy Castilho | E. J. Turibio Cruz | Jojo Lepsky | Aquiles V. Jorge | Darius C. AlvesCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
152 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISendai Prisoners – Group 3 [1945]Back Row: Luiz Xavier | Cezar Roza | Alichi Vieira Ribeiro | Harry Matias | Henrique “Ariri” Noronha | Marciano Silva | Arthur Basto | José A. Marques E. J. Figueiredo | George AblongMiddle Row: Roberto Silva | “Chunky” Xavier | A. M. Baptista | Johnny Fonseca | Carlos “Chodas” RemediosFront Row: Luizito Remedios | C. A. J. Ribeiro | G. S. Edwards | Freddie Rocha | Robbie Rocha | Benny MarçalCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
153THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISendai Prisoners – Group 4 [1945]Back Row: Henrique Ribeiro | F. W. Reis | Leo Souza | Cicero Rozario | “Jeje” Pereira | Tonin Sequeira | Alfred Prata | Richard Silva Augusto “Gussy” Sequeira | Robert A. SouzaMiddle Row: António “Butter” Noronha | J. F. D. Ribeiro | Jimmy Remedios | J. C. Remedios | Henry Souza | A. C. NevesFront Row: Billy Wilkinson | Mimi Larcina | Joe Xavier | Roque Silva | Hugo Ribeiro | Eduardo “Dicky” Noronha | Codie RemediosCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
154 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIChristmas 1945 After the Sendai POW Camp in Japan“This group of POWs, including many Russian Jews (volunteers), returned to Hong Kong via the Philippines in early 1946” – Philippe YvanovichCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
155THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIA Tribute from a Canadian to the Portuguese POWs at Shumshuipo Camp [1 July 1943]Written by Staff Sergeant H. P. McNaughtonCopied from souvenir book illustrated in colour by C.S.M. Marciano Francisco “Naneli” BaptistaCourtesy: Filomeno “Meno” Baptista | collection
156 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHenrique and Áuria da Silva Family [1946]Back Row: Henrique Álvaro “Henry” da Silva | Lionel Braz da SilvaHenrique José da Silva | Eduardo António da SilvaFront Row: Gloria Maria da Silva | Celanera Alícia “Sally” da SilvaÁuria Celina de Carvalho da Silva | Mércia Loreta da SilvaCourtesy: Mercia da Silva Poirier | collection
157THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILia Severa de Brito and her Grandchildren [1946]Back Row: Ena Maria Remedios | Yvonne Maria Britto | Lia Severa Soares de Brito (grandmother) | Brenda Louise Remedios (baby) | Marie Socorro Remedios | Geraldine Marie RibeiroFront Row: Daniel Alberto Remedios | António “Tony” Pinna | Ricardo Augusto Ribeiro | Leonardo “Lenny” Remedios | Jeffrey Edward RemediosCourtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collection
158 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJohn Fonseca and Elsa Ribeiro Wedding [29 September 1946]Photograph taken at Rosary Church by King’s Studio, Hong KongBack Row: Jorge “Beany” Remedios | Júlio Carmo Vieira Ribeiro (bride’s brother) | Leonardo José “Leo” da Silva Middle Row: Helena Maria “Nena” Vieira Ribeiro (bride’s sister) | Mercedes Maria Fonseca (groom’s sister) | João Carlos “Johnnie” Fonseca Elisa Leonor “Elsa” Vieira Ribeiro Fonseca | Áurea Genuína dos Remedios Vieira Ribeiro (bride’s mother) | Lilia Gaan. Front Row: Artur José “Artie” Remedios (page boy) | Marilyn Marie Silva (flower girl)Courtesy: Arthur “Artie” Remedios | collection
159THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIRogério Lobo and Margaret Choa Wedding [7 April 1947]Photo taken by Ming YuenBack Row: George Choa | Robert Choa | Andy ChoaSecond Row: Pedro J. Lobo | Louise Choa | Kathleen ChoaThird Row: Tommy Johnson | Filinha Lobo (behind Nety)Front Row: Leo Choa | Natercia “Nety” Lobo | Rogério “Rogi” Lobo | Margaret Choa | Angeline Choa | Pauline Choa Johnson | Dr. Albert Rodrigues (best man) Mary Jacqueline Johnson (flower girl) | Mrs. Choa (extreme right)Courtesy: Hong Kong University Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues
160 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIde Souza Families Kobe, Japan [1947]Back Row: Victor Edmundo da Silva e Souza | Celeste Margarida de Garcia Cabral de Souza | Francisca Maria Teresa Gomes de Souza Áurea Maria “Lollie” Encarnação de Souza | Carlos Augusto da Silva e SouzaFront Row: Ana Maria de Souza | Edmundo Victor de Souza | Yolanda Maria de Souza | Carmen Maria de SouzaCourtesy: Carmen Maria de Souza O’Brien | collection
161THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II“Moofie” Xavier and the Macau Boys [1957]Among the earliest arrivals of young men from Macau to work in Hong Kong after World War IIBack Row: Fernando Braga | Henrique “Japonez” Luz | Euclides “Kidi” Viana | António Prado | Arnaldo Couto | Flavio da Luz2nd Row: José dos Remedios | Manuel Sequeira | José Anok | Alberto do Rosario | Jorge Graça | Henrique Machado | João Couto | ..?.. Noronha3rd Row: Artur Rosa | ..?.. Arrais | Alberto Eduardo “Moofie” Xavier | António Lopes | João da Costa | Pedro Augusto BelémFront Row: Mário Chaves | Mário Barata da Cruz | Daniel Oliveira | Humberto Viana | Manuel GuerreiroCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
162 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISocorro Alves Campos’ Piano Recital Class [circa 1948]Back Row: Therese Roza-Pereira | Raquel Carvalho | Eleanor Xavier | Noreen Phillips | Patricia Xavier | Gladys Gutierrez | Monica Carvalho2nd Row: Ena Roza-Pereira | Norman Lewis | Manuela Carvalho | Irene da “Luz | Doreen da Luz | Roza de Carvalho | Yvonne Britto | Unknown3rd Row: Betty Figueiredo (behind Mercia) | Tootsie? Ip | Unknown | Marilou Souza | Unknown | Unknown | Leonard Lewis | Astrid Ozorio Lee4th Row (sitting): Mercia Silva | Unknown | Ethel Ip | Socorro Alves Campos (teacher) | Marie Louise Arnulphy | Sylvia Xavier | Marie-Camille BarrosFront Row: Unknown | ..?.. Souza | Loretta Figueiredo | Unknown | Eleanor de Sousa | Unknown | Bernard Ozorio LeeCourtesy: Jorge Remedios | collection
163THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILittle Hula Dancers at Club de Recreio [circa late 1940s]Back Row: Marilyn Brown | Lourdes Guterres | Colleen Brown | Marie Cecilie Basto | Dianne d’Almada | Madeline Remedios | Marie Camille BarrosMiddle Row: Patsy Britto | Betty Figueiredo | Cecilia Pinna | Marie Helena Noronha | Loretta Figueiredo | Marylou Souza | Mary ReedFront Row: Valerie Costa | Lucille Noronha | Loretta Azedo | Mariazinha Remedios | Olivia AzedoCourtesy: Marie Camille Barros Gonsalves | collection
164 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIChildren of Peace and Liberty Avenues, Homuntin [circa 1948]Back Row: Emília “Mimi” Garcia | Elsa Garcia | Michael Osmund | Christine RemediosMiddle Row: Christine Nunes | Helena Figueiredo | Fernando “Dino” RemediosRobert “Bopeet” Xavier | Robbie da CostaFront Row: Nancy Prata | Steven Garcia | Nena PrataCourtesy: Emília “Mimi” Garcia Britto | collection
165THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIGosano Family [circa 1948]Back Row: Luigi Gosano | Bertie Gosano | Lino Gosano | Gerry Gosano | Maria Gutierrez | Renaldo Gutierrez | Jeff Taylor | Dr. Eddie GosanoFront Row: Socorro “Mimi” Baptista Gosano | Danny Gosano | Pam Yvanovich Gosano | Olga de Castro Basto Gosano | Manuel Gosano (boy on lap) | Adeliza Marques Gosano Rick Gosano (boy on lap) | Joe Gosano | Linda Gosano Gutierrez | Luiz Gutierrez | Avelina Gosano Taylor | Stephanie Gosano | Adeline Hazell Lang GosanoCourtersy: Palmyra “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano | collection
166 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHistorical Note by João Bosco Correa:“Henrique Barros was sent to Canton to take up the senior Caltex position in that city when the Communist Peoples Liberation Army was rapidly moving south and the Americans had decided to move themselves out of China to the safety of Hong Kong. As the result of putting himself on the line for Caltex and also because of his ability Henrique was given expatriate status in the company. I greatly admired him for sticking his neck out and putting himself in possible harm’s way with the advancing Communist Chinese in Canton for Caltex. This coming so soon after his nasty experience during the Japanese occupation when as an active member of the Portuguese Residents Association (PRA) in Hong Kong were amongst those members that were arrested by the Japanese “Kempetei” tortured and imprisoned in Stanley Jail as suspected British (BAAG) intelligence agents. It must have been a very difficult decision for him to have made.”Farewell Party for Henrique and Cissy Barros at Club de Recreio [April 1948]Henrique Barros was appointed Manager of “Caltex” (California Texas Oil Company) in Canton1.Augusto “Gussy” Noronha2. Carlos Basto | 3. Olga Lawrence | 4. Wilfred Lawrence | 5. Carolina “Cano” Maher Basto | 6. Olga Ribeiro Silva | 7. Porfírio Nolasco da Silva 8. Túlia Maria “Tulie” Barretto Victor | 9. Alex”Alley” Azedo | 10. Margaret “Margie” Alves Yvanovich | 11. Philippe Yvanovich | 12. Myra Noronha Ware 13. Unknown (hidden) | 14. Terry Noronha Larcina | 15. Hilda Pereira Soares | 16. José “Joe” Marques | 17. Elvie Sequeira Marques | 18. Carlinho Roza Pereira 19. Hilda Guterres Alonço20. Francisco “Chico” Vieira Ribeiro | 21. Maria Francisca Alves Vieira Ribeiro | 22. Cissy Barros Botelho Noronha | 23. Regina Ribeiro Noronha 24. Coltide “Tiddi” Yvanovich Hyndman Xavier | 25. Thelma d’Assumpção Guterres | 26. Olímpio Pinto Marques | 27. Celeste Marques Azedo 28. Laura “Lollie” Yvanovich Alves | 29. Argentina de Freitas Gonçalves | 30. Arthur Basto | 31. Helena Carvalho Yvanovich | 32. Belarmino “Bertie” Gosano 33. Mildred Osmund Noronha | 34. António Eduardo “Eddie” Noronha | 35. Marie Basto | 36. Carmen “Lina” Alonço Silva-Netto37. Beatrice “Tuxie” Xavier Roza Pereira | 38. Eduardo “Dickie” Noronha39. Elísio Alves | 40. Marie Ribeiro Ramchand | 41. Cynthia da Silva Rodrigues | 42. Maria Osmund Alves | 43. Carlos “Charlie” Correa | 44. Júlia Soares Correa 45. Zaida Barros Pinto Marques | 46. Ilma Andrade Barros | 47. Frederico “Lico” Barros | 48. Elvina Barros Figueiredo | 49. Ernie Figueiredo50. Teresa Yvanovich da Roza | 51. Gertrude “Trudy” Frischauer Basto | 52. Palmira “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano | 53. Aida Noronha Nolasco da Silva54. Olga Basto Noronha | 55. José Eduardo “Jackie” Noronha56. António “Smoky” Noronha | 57. Augusta “Tuti” NoronhaXavier | 58. Emília “Niní” Yvanovich Guterres | 59. Carlos “Charlie” Marques 60. Beatriz “Betty” Yvanovich Marques | 61. Freda Dixon Noronha | 62. José Maria “Joe” Noronha | 63. Cecília “Cissy” Noronha Barros | 64. Henrique “Henry” Barros 65. Leonidia Barros | 66. Francisco de Paula Barros | 67. Palmyra Lopes Yvanovich | 68. Vicente António Yvanovich | 69. Carlos “Charlie” de Selavisa Alves70. Dr. Alberto Maria “Albert” Rodrigues | 71. Guilherme “Ermie” Noronha | 72. Caetano “Gaita” Azedo | 73. Beatriz “Bea” Marques Azedo | 74. Adelino “Lino” Gosano 75. Ana Basto Noronha | 76. Carlos António “Charlie” Noronha | 77. António Francisco “Butter” Noronha | 78. Hilda Gaan Noronha | 79. Roberto António Marques 80. Vicente “Junior” Yvanovich | 81. Henrique António “Ariri” NoronhaCourtesy: Cecília Maria Yvanovich Bourroughs | collectionNames Identification by J. Bosco Correa and Eleanor Noronha Orth
167THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFarewell Party for Henrique and Cissy Barros at Club de Recreio [April 1948](Henrique Barros was appointed manager of Caltex in Canton)Courtesy: Cecília Maria Yvanovich Bourroughs | collection
168 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IITennis Players at Club de Recreio [May 1950]Back Row: Leo Vieira | “Ariri” Noronha | Eddie Noronha | Dennis Rodrigues | Henrique Barros | Fernando Ribeiro | António “Mimi” RemediosFront Row: Johnny Gonçalves | Billy Soares | Tommy Rodrigues | Gerry Gosano | Willie ReedCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
169THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IITennis Interport – Club de Recreio Vs Tenis Civil [10 October 1948]Photo taken at Club de Recreio – King’s Park in backgroundBack Row (Standing): Henrique Nolasco | Antoninho Mello | Alberto Pacheco Jorge | Fernando Ribeiro | José “Zécas” Vidigal | Johnny Gonçalves | José “Josing” RemediosAlfredo Silva | Carlos Barretto | Henrique “Ariri” Noronha | Tommy Rodrigues | Alexandrino “Alex” Boyol | UnknownMiddle Row (Squatting and Kneeling): Unknown | Tony Alves | Armando “Biching” da SilvaFront Row (Sitting): Humberto Rodrigues | Willie Reed | Philippe Yvanovich | Henrique “Memie” Gonçalves | Armando Marques | Guilherme “Hermie” Noronha | José BoyolCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
170 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIStudents of La Salle College, Kowloon [circa 1949]Daniel Castro holding School Junior Swimming Championship cupBack Row: Unknown | Bobby Heng | Tito Souza | José Marques Lim | Steven Xavier | Robert Go | Unknown | George Rahman | Unknown | Unknown | Michael Lum2nd Row: Rui Remedios | Basil Lim | Lawrence Fung Shui Leung | Daniel Gomes | Sonny “Bob” Sequeira | Peter Silva Teddy Lima | Unknown | Eduardo Basto Danny Osmund | Manuel Nolasco3rd Row: Frankie Barros | Mickey Noronha | José “Jojo” da Luz | Eddie da Costa | Pedro Marçal | Daniel Castro | Frankie Barnes | Roberto “Bob” de Graça | Eduardo Ribeiro Charlie Curry | Peter HoFront Row: José “Jojo” Basto | Dennis McGrann | Ali Azan | Fernando “Dino” Remedios | Ricardo Noronha | Fung Shui Chung | David Webb | Dinis “Dennis” LuzCourtesy: Robert “Sonny” Sequeira | collection
171THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBlack Arrows Softball Team [1949]Back Row: Charlie Curry | Johnny Monteiro | António “Tony” Jorge da Silva | Jeffrey Remedios | Daniel Gomes | Frankie Barros | Frederick CostaHenry “Quito” Barros | Diniz “Dennis” NunesMiddle Row: Francis Gomes | Augusto Xavier | Leonardo “Lenny” Remedios | Robert Remedios | Dennis McGrann | António Ribeiro | Michael BarrosFront Row: José Barros | Leo BarrosCourtesy: Dennis McGrann | collection
172 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHenrique “Memie” Gonçalves and Mylthie Maria da Silva Wedding [15 October 1949]Back Row: Leonardo José “Leo” da Silva | Lina Dumont Silva-Netto da Silva | José “Joey” Remedios | Cynthia da Silva Rodrigues | Dr. Albert Maria Rodrigues Renaldo Alberto “Ren” da Silva Middle Row: Olga Vieira Ribeiro da Silva | Maggie Xavier | José Remedios (Bride’s stepfather) | Luisa Maria Noronha Silva Remedios (Bride’s mother) | Unknown (hidden) Maria Teresa “Terry” Gonçalves Sequeira | Olga Maria Melo GonçalvesFront Row: Mylthie Maria da Silva Gonçalves | Henrique Francisco “Memie” Gonçalves | Norma Valesca Gonçalves | João Baptista “John” GonçalvesAnne Rodrigues (Flower Girl)Courtesy: John and Olga Gonçalves | collection
173THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAntónio Vicente Bayot and Maria de Lourdes de Menezes Wedding [14 August 1949]St Teresa’s Church, KowloonBack Row: Rui Lopo de Menezes | Maria Amélia de Menezes | Fernando Ribeiro | Fausto Maria “Noi-noi” Bayot (far right)Midle Row: Maria Helena “Lena” Ribeiro Lobato | Tereza Leitão | Maria de Lourdes de Menezes (Bride) | António Vicente “Tony” Bayot | Francisco “Paquito” Bayot Celeste Maria Vieira Ribeiro Bayot | Jorge Alberto Vieira RibeiroFront Row (Children): Josephine Maria “Josie” Bayot | Wilfred “Wally” Lawrence Jr. | Margarida Maria RibeiroCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
174 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IINoodt Family [circa 1950]Back Row: Delano Lopes | Lily Danenberg Silva | Alfred Noodt | Cissy Noodt | Unknown | Martha da Costa Noodt | Francis Noodt Sr.Charlie Danenberg | Carlos SilvaFront Row: June Noodt | Francis Noodt Jr. | Ronnie NoodtCourtesy: Dean Gui | collection
175THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends Gathered to Welcome António “Anty” and Connie Britto Visiting from Portugal [circa 1950]1. Kennedy (Eileen’s husband) | 2. George Baptista | 3. Wilfred Lawrence | 4. ….?.... | 5. António Maria “Anty” de Britto | 6. ....?.... | 7. Eileen Simmons Kennedy 8. ..?..Kennedy(baby) | 9. Olga Ribeiro Lawrence | 10. Francisco Xavier “Paquito” Medina Monteiro | 11. Beatrice Maria “Tuxie” Rosa Pereira | 12. Adorzinda Ribeiro 13. Luís António Alichi” Vieira Ribeiro | 14. Connie Remedios | 15. Maria Barradas Guterres | 16. Mercia Ferreira | 17. Margie Vianna | 18. Mario Francisco Pinna 19. ....?.... | 20. Celsa Maria Medina Monteiro Larcina | 21. Marty Noodt | 22. Leonor Remedios | 23. Helena Margarida Britto Xavier | 24. Felicitas “Cita” Guterres de Sousa 25. Agnes “Aggie” Barnes Pinna | 26. Augusta “Kooka” Guterres Rosario | 27. ....?.... | 28. Molly Remedios Pereira? | 29. Arturo Maria “Archer’ Xavier Larcina 30. Noelle Simmons | 31. Joe Silva | 32. Celsa Maria “Celcita” Meira da Costa Medina Monteiro | 33. Wilhemina “Memi” Lawrence 34. Maria da Conceição “Connie” Guterres da Silva Britto | 35. Carlos Maria “Bobby” Xavier | 36. Ronnie Noodt | 37. John Jude “Johnny” Medina Monteiro 38. Francis Noodt Jr. | 39. Antero Silva | 40. Henry Viana Jr. | 41. Henry Viana Sr. 42. Charlie MarquesCourtesy: Carol Ann Monteiro | collection
176 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILadies [circa 1950]Alzira d’Assumpção | Jean d’Assumpção | Natalia Collaço | Alda Castro | Chelly Alves | Marie Augusta Alves | Evelina “Lina” Remedios Silva?Courtesy: Virginia “Virgie” Collaço McDougall | collection
177THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFarewell to Marie Menezes at Club de Recreio [2 October 1950]Back Row: Celeste “Chelly” Osmund | Alicia ”Aly” Osmund | Regina Noronha | M. Roza | Hilda NoronhaMiddle Row: Beatriz McDougall | Stella Xavier | Betty Guterres | Yolanda “Yolly” Britto Pinna | Túlia Maria”Tulie” Barretto Victor | Olga Lawrence | Hilda Guterres | Anna NoronhaFront Row: Pauline Anulphy | Maria Francisca “Meling” da Luz Barnes | Marie Silva-Netto | Maria Celeste Menezes | “Mini” Cruz | Stella da Motta | Lina Silva-Netto da SilvaCourtesy: Beatriz McDougall | collection
178 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIYvanovich Family Gathering in Hong Kong [January 1951]Back Row Standing: José Luís “Dick” Alves | Eduardo José “Edo” da Silva | Guilhermie António “Bill” or “Aviche”Yvanovich | Carlos António “Calau”Yvanovich Philippe António Yvanovich | Belarmino Tomás “Bertie” Gosano | Flávio Norberto da LuzMiddle Row Sitting: Laura Maria “Lolita” Yvanovich Alves | Alzira Francisca Yvanovich da Silva | PhilipTegelberg da Silva (on Alzira’s lap) | Teresa Ledesma Yvanovich Palmyra Augusta Lopes Yvanovich | Margarida Maria “Margaret” Alves Yvanovich | Marina Esme Yvanovich (on Margaret’s lap) | Palmyra Maria “Pam” Yvanovich Ricardo António “Rick” Gosano (on Pam’s lap) | Theresa Maria Yvanovich da LuzFront Row Sitting on Floor: José António “Joe” Gosano | Daniel José “Danny” GosanoCourtesy: Theresa Yvanovich da Luz | collection
179THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBasto Family Gathering circa 1952Front Row: Valerie Rose Sousa | Francis Basto | António Alberto “Tony” Basto | John Adolfo Basto | Elaine May SousaSecond Row: Carlos Pompeia Basto | Marie-Cecile Basto | Leonardo José d’Almada Remedios | José Maria “Dudie” d’Almada Remedios | Carolina Maria “Cano” Maher Basto | Edward BastoThird Row: Ellen May “Nellie” Cooper Basto | Gerald Artur Basto | Maria Aleixa BastoFourth Row: José Eduardo “Jackie” Noronha | José Maria “Jojo” Basto | Norma Âurea Rodrigues d’Almada Remedios | Marie Olivia BastoFifth Row: Alda Maria Basto d’Almada Remedios | Yvonne Basto | Maria Olívia “Olive” BastoSixth Row: Rose Emma White Sousa | Maude Elizabeth White Basto | Ana Maria Basto NoronhaStanding on the right: João José “John” Basto | António Hermenegildo BastoCourtesy: Valerie Sousa Castro | collection
180 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFausto “Toto” and Olivia Ozorio Family [circa 1953]Back Row (standing): Ricardo Bosco “Dickey” Ozorio | Frank “Ginger” Sharp (husband of Pat) | Patrick Anthony “Rick” Sharp (Pat and Frank’s son) | Cynthia Irene OzorioMaria Filomena “Nena” Ozorio | Henrieta Maria “Dinga” Ozorio | Cecilia Maria“Cecile” Ozorio | Gaspar “Gabby” Baptista (husband of “Fifi”) Horatio Fernando “Horace” OzorioMiddle Row (seated): Maria Teresa Patricia “Pat,” Sharp (wife of Frank) | Laurence Christopher “Larry” Sharp (Pat and Frank’s son) | Olivia Maria “Olive” Xavier Ozorio Fausto Maria “Toto” Ozorio | Elfrida Olivia “Fifi” Ozorio Baptista | Gaspar Vicente “Vinny” (Elfrida and Gaspar’s son) Yvonne Teresa “Yvo” da Silva e Sousa Ozorio (wife of (“Horace”) | Miguel Diniz “Michael” Ozorio (Yvo and Horace’s son)Courtesy: Horatio Fernando “Horace” Ozorio | collection
181THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIRuperto “Sonny” Medina and Thelma Garcia Wedding [29 January 1953]Back Row: Hermilio “Mimi” Larcina | Celsa “Celsita” Medina Monteiro | Rufus GarciaMary Brown Garcia | Alex GarciaMiddle Row: Celsa Monteiro | Ruperto António Medina | Thelma Garcia MedinaTherese “Tootsie” GarciaFront: Unknown BoyCourtesy: Albertina Garcia collection
182 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPedro Xavier Family [circa 1952-54]Back Row: Francisco Xavier | Pedro “Peter” Xavier Jr.Front Row: Alice Louisa “Lulu” Xavier | Pedro Xavier | Frederico XavierCourtesy: Albertina Garcia Xavier | collection
183THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDr. Albert and Cynthia Rodrigues Family [circa 1953]Cynthia Maria da Silva Rodrigues | Maria Luisa “Mari” RodriguesAna Maria “Anne” Rodrigues | Dr. Albert Maria RodriguesAlberto Eduardo “Tito” Rodrigues Jr.Courtesy: Maria Luisa “Mari” Rodrigues | collection
184 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDinner Party given by the Consul of Portugal, Dr. Guilherme de Castilho [circa 1951]In Honour of Professor António Mendes Correa, President of Sociadade de GeografiaBack Row: Lt. Lopes da Costa (ADC to Governor of Macau) | Laurinha Nolasco | Ren Silva | Cynthia Rodrigues | Jack Braga | Porfirio Nolasco | Lina Silva Netto Leo d’Almada e Castro | Henrique “Darkie” Botelho | Augusta Braga | Arnaldo de Oliveira SalesFront Row: Dr. Alberto Rodrigues | Fernando Ribeiro | Zulmira de Castilho (wife of Consul of Portugal) | Clotilde “Tilly d’Almada e Castro | Professor António Mendes Correia Edith Nolasco Sales | Dr. Guilherme de Castilho (Consul of Portugal)Courtesy: Anne “Maya” Rodrigues | collection
185THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIVisit by Macau Governor Joaquim Marques Esparteiro and Mrs. Esparteiro to Club de Recreio [13 April 1953]Back Row: Fernando Ribeiro | Roberto Marques | Henrique Barros | Ren Silva | Carlos Basto | Ariri Noronha | Dennis Rodrigues | Bertie Victor Middle Row: Lt. Lopes da Costa (ADC of Governor) | Alice Gomes | Cissy Noronha Barros | Tessie Rodrigues | Ana “Bell” Reed | Cano Basto | Tulie Victor | Cissy NoronhaDr. Albert Rodrigues | Ermie NoronhaFront Row: Cynthia Rodrigues | Maria Helena Marques Esparteiro (Governor’s daughter) | Jackie Noronha | Laurinda Marques Esparteiro (Governor’s spouse)Joaquim Marques Esparteiro (Governor of Macau) | Aninhas Noronha | Guilherme de Castilho (Portuguese Consul) | Maria Fernanda RibeiroCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
186 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHongkong and Shanghai Bank Dinner for Cezar Leon [1952]Back Row (standing): 1. “Sonny” Castro | 2. “Junior” Rosario | 3. Unknown | 4. Unknown | 5. Vincent Remedios | 6. Steven Garcia | 7. Unknown | 8. Jackie Sarazolla | 9. Carlinho Xavier | 10. Dennis Collaço2nd Row: 11. “Gaby” Baptista | 12. Unknown | 13. Denis Ablong | 14. Pedro Souza (behind Denis) | 15. Unknown (glasses) | 16. John “Bull” Xavier | 17. A. Basto da Silva | 18. A. J. Arrais | 19. Jorge Remedios ? 20. Turibio Cruz | 21. “Vickers” Souza | 22. Miguel “Micky” António | 23. Manuel Remedios | 24. A. S. Luz | 25. Ricardo Gomes | 26. Eric Remedios | 27. ...?... Beñares? | 28. Unknown29. Filomeno “Manny” António | 30. Pasqual Remedios | 31. Joe Larcina | 32. Leonardo Roza | 33. “Miro” Silva | 34. L. A. Elarte | 35. Marcus Carion | 36. Alberto Almeida37. Arthur “Toot-toot” Remedios | 38. Johnny Costa3rd Row: 39. “Lolly” Lopes | 40. Flavio da Luz | 41. Henrique Mendes | 42. Marcus Sarazolla | 43. Arnaldo Couto | 44. Bobby Rodrigues | 45. Richard Silva | 46. Luigi “Moco” Marques | 47. António Neves48. Policarpio “Polly” António | 49. Unknown | 50. Antero Silva | 51. Walter “Winchell” Remedios | 52. “Vency” Vila-Carlos | 53. Fernando Prata | 54. Tony Souza | 55. Charlie Luz | 56. Marcus Oliveira57. Meme Gonsalves | 58. Unknown | 59. Carlos Luz | 60. “Lechi” Luz | 61. Leonel Silva | 62. Denis Rodrigues4th Row (sitting): 63. Eneas Cunha | 64. Prospero Costa | 65.“Kacky” Prata | 66. Bill Soares | 67. Leo Silva | 68. Cezar Leon | 69. Francisco Soares | 70. Jorge “Beany” Remedios | 71. Henry Hyndman72. José Reis | 73. Bertie Gosano | 74. Luis Cordeiro | 75. “ Zachus” Oliveira | 76. Steven Delgado | 77. Unknown | 78. Luiz Gomes | 79. Duarte Goularte Front Row (on floor): 80. Moises Guterres | 81. “Moofie” Xavier | 82. Archer Larcina | 83. Eddie Silva | 84. Philippe Yvanovich | 85. Marcus Pereira | 86. Manuel “Apung” FerreiraCourtesy: Celsa and Archer Larcina | collection
187THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHongkong and Shanghai Bank Dinner for Cezar Leon [1952]Photo taken at Club LusitanoCourtesy: Celsa and Archer Larcina | collection
188 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBoys at 1 Tak Shing Street, Kowloon [4 July 1952]Back Row: Peter d’Almada Nuno d’Aquino | Josef Remedios | Mike Hahn (looking down) | Peter RemediosFront Row: Rigo Jesu | Johnny Monteiro | Bertie Remedios | Augusto XavierCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
189THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IINon-Hockey Players of Club de Recreio [circa late 1950s]Pick-up team to play against Recreio’s Ladies B TeamBack Row: Dennis Collaço | Albert Xavier | Robert “Sonny” Sequeira | Eric Remedios | António GuterresFront Row: Luís Leonel “Junior” Rozario | Nelson Souza | José “Jojo” Alonço | James Daniel “Danny” Osmund | Bobby Osmund | Carlos “Calau” YvanovichCourtesy: Robert “Sonny” Sequeira | collection
190 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHong Kong-Macau Interport [circa 1953]Back Row: George Palmer | Alfredo Nery | Frederico Nolasco | Baghat Singh | Lourenço Ritchie | Lionel Guterres | Unknown | Unknown | Armando Basto | Junior Remedios Amadeo Cordeiro | David Coffey | Albertino Almeida | João dos Santos FerreiraFront Row: João Nolasco | Unknown | Herculano “Josico” da Rocha | Bertie Gosano | José Rosario | Armando Marques | Fernando Marques | Ronnie Collaço Augusto Jorge | Hermes RozaCourtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
191THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHong Kong-Macau Schoolboys Interport [1955]Photo taken in MacauTop Row: Terry Chamberlain (Umpire HK) | Michel Mottu | Frederico Cordeiro | Unknown | José Capitulé | Unknown | Vitor Serra de Almeida | Unknown | Rui Aires da Silva Alberto “Tito” Rodrigues | Manuel Valoma | Kuldip Singh | João Bosco Basto da Silva | António M. Jorge da Silva | João dos Santos Ferreira (Umpire Macau)Bottom Row: Jorge Basto da Silva | Unknown | Sá Silva | Ted Belote | Armando Almeida | John Bechtel | Francisco Rodrigues | Unknown | António CapituléCourtesy: Vitor Serra de Almeida | collection
192 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIJaguars Softball Team [circa 1950s]Standing: Gerald Pomeroy | Marcus “Cus-Cus” Souza | Lionel Siqueira | Roberto “Apple” da Silva | Clementi “Saco” DelgadoKneeling: Robert Vieira | George Noronha | Stephen Xavier | Roberto “Tanas” Baptista | Arthur BrittoCourtesy: Miguel “Mike” Delgado | collection
193THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation “Wayfoong” Champions [October 1955]Mongkok Office Team, taken at King’s Park, KowloonBack Row: Oscar Collaço | Mico Gaan | Arnaldo Couto | Al Collaço | Bosco da Roza | Carlos Britto (Capt.) | Clementi “Saco” Delgado (Vice-Capt.)Front Row: Bernie Santos | Billy Palmer | Manuel “Mann” Viana | João Couto | Mario MachadoCourtesy: Oscar Collaço and Mike Delgado | collections
194 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends at 11 Mile Beach, Kowloon [circa 1955]Back Row: Junior Remedios | Sally Silva | Patsy Xavier | Jojo Alonço | Joyce Osmund | Benny SilvaFront Row: Evelyn Alonço | Danny Osmund | Marie Ribeiro | Bobby MarquesCourtesy: Robert Sequeira | collection
195THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II6th Kowloon (Maryknoll Convent School) Girl Guides [circa 1953-54]Note: Nancy Kwan later became a Hollywood actress starring in movies such as The World of Suzie Wong and Flower Drum Song.Back Row: Margaret Chang | Esther Woo | Jacqueline Pinna | Hilda Ho Asjoe | Jenny Lam | Millie Lung | Nancy Cheung | Lili Wong | Ruby Hui | Shirley Hui2nd Row: Maureen Djeng | Rosa Carvalho | Cynthia Ozorio | Dulcie Suen | Felice Pomeroy | Maria Luisa Rocha | Mrs. Wilson | Mercia da Silva | Beatrice SilvaMaria Alicia Basto | Gladys Pomeroy3rd Row: Una Chang (sitting on block) | Nancy Kwan (standing) | Marilou Souza | Margaret Lyon | Monica Carvalho | Marie Britto | Lourdes Gonsalves | Helena Figueiredo Camille Rozario | Cecilia da Roza | Linda Leung | Meg Doran | Patsy HoughtonFront Row: Helena Sun | Nancy Prata | Jacinta Baptista | Doreen da Luz | Celeste Figueiredo | Socorrin Rozario | Betty Lam | Henrietta OzorioCourtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collection
196 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPortuguese Folkloric Dancers [7 November 1952]Feira Portuguesa held at Club de Recreio to raise funds for the construction of Escola CamõesBack Row: Manuela “Quiqui” Homem de Carvalho | ? Cardoso | Marie Sales | Alex Sales | Lídia Gardner | Amália Sales | Frederic “Jim” Silva | Aida AlmeidaAlfredo Nery | Glória Remédios | Laurinha Nolasco | Unknown | Marie NeryFront Row: Albertinho Rosa | Helen Yvanovich | Alberto Barros Lopes | Ana Maria Lopes | UnknownCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
197THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIYoung Portuguese Folklore Dancing GroupUnknown | Maria Lopes | Gabriel Azedo | Carol Ann da Silva | Cecile Silva | Helena Pereira | Robert ..?... | Beatrice Ribeiro | Luis Ozorio | Dorothea MoraisAnn Rodrigues | Henrique Cunha | Maria Helena Noronha | Leo Barros | Margarida RibeiroCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
198 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPortuguese Folkloric Group at Club de Recreio [circa 1954]Back Row: Helena da Silva | Julietta de Souza | Marilou Souza | Margaret Chan | Maureen Djeng | Cecilia Ozorio | Maria Louisa Rocha | Jenna Lam | Lourdes GonsalvesFront Row: Maria Olivia Basto | Moira Lee | Carman Mattos | Henrietta Ozorio | Carol Djeng | Natalia da Roza | Fatima da RozaCourtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collection
199THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIRobert “Sonny” Sequeira’s 18th Birthday Party [1954]Back Row: Daniel Gomes | Alvaro Sousa | Junior Castro | Ramon Xavier | Margaret ...?... | “Sonny” Gutierrez | Patricia Xavier | Gerry RemediosTherese Roza-Pereira | Bernardo Gomes | Evelyn Alonço | Roberto Nunes | Filomena Remedios | Roberto “Bobby” Marques | Dianne ...?... | “Jojo” Alonço | Norma MarriotDonel Remedios | Mico Gaan | Pedro Marçal | Ernie Marriot | “Bobby” Osmund | Joey GraçaMiddle Row: Bernard Silva | Francois ...?... | Sylvia Graça | Dolly Castro | Joyce Osmund | Robert “Sonny”, “Cigar” Sequeira | Sally Silva | Sheila XavierEna Osmund | Frances Silva | Rita Souza | Dennis Nunes | Ruy RemediosFront Row: Carlos Assumpção | Farid Khan | Louis Souza | Gerald Cunha | Manuel Nunes (lying down) | Daniel Castro | “Jojo” Basto | Rennie Barretto (lying down)Junior Rozario | Peter Remedios | Micky AndayaCourtesy: Robert “Sonny” Sequeira | collection
200 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAlfonso and Gloria Barretto Family [1955]Photograph taken at their home “Girassol” in Taipo, Kowloon with Tolo Harbor in the backgroundLeo Afonso Barretto | Alfonso Orlando Barretto | Ruy Octávio Barretto | Glória Esperanca d’Almada e Castro BarrettoCourtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
201THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFamily of Reinaldo Camilo and Emília Carolina de Oliveira Sales [circa 1955]Back Row: Alexandre Carmo de Oliveira Sales | Telma Natália de Oliveira Sales | Arnaldo Augusto de Oliveira Sales | Elfrida Maria de Oliveira Sales Reinaldo Camilo de Oliveira Sales Jr.Front Row: Amália Maria de Oliveira Sales | Emília Carolina Azedo de Oliveira Sales | Reinaldo Camilo Maria de Oliveira Sales | Maria de Lourdes de Oliveira SalesCourtesy: Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales | collection
202 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILenny and Jeffrey Remedios’ Return from Australia [circa 1955]Back Row: Antão Ribeiro | Elsie Britto | Unknown (partly hidden) | Unknown (partly hidden) | Sara “Sarin” Remedios | José Julita “Josin” Remedios Unknown (partly hidden) | Alonso PinnaMiddle Row: Irene Sequeira | Olga Britto | Unknown Lady | Leonardo “Lenny” Remedios | Alda Remedios | Hugo Remedios | Jeffrey Remedios | Tony Pinna | Yolanda BrittoRennie CamposFront Row (children): Unknown | José Marçal | Unknown | Manuel Remedios | Verna Ribeiro | Roger Remedios | Brenda RemediosCourtesy: Jeffrey and Lourdes Gonsalves Remedios | collection
203THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIParty at the Bank Flats, Kowloon [circa 1955]Back Row: Jaqua Oliveira | Carlos Remedios | Gaudie Costa | Marcus Oliveira | Joey Remedios | Dennis Rodrigues? (hidden) | Leo da Silva | Unknown (hidden)Unknown (hidden) | Unknown | Unknown | Lionel da Roza | UnknownMiddle Row: Olga da Silva | Nena Remedios | Olga Souza | Melin Oliveira | Unknown | Thelma Rozario? | Carmen PrataFront Row: Unknown | Bertha Silva | Jessie Rodrigues | Marcus Tavares | Lindy Alves | Alex Alves | Alda Alves Tavares | Maria Estella Xavier RozarioHenrique RozarioCourtesy: Olga Cordeiro de Souza | collection
204 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClementi “Saco” Delgado and Margaret Victoria Lewis Wedding [1956]St. Teresa’s Church, KowloonBack Row: Antero Augusto da Silva | Zita Maria Fernandes | Father Joseph | Rufina Delgado | George LewisFront Row: Angelina Delgado | Clementi “Saco” Delgado | Margaret Victoria Lewis | Mary LewisCourtesy: Miguel “Mike” Delgado | collection
205THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBrown Family Gathering for Liza Brown Laurel’s Departure to Great Britain [circa August 1956]Back Row: Joe Xavier | Alec Garcia | Billy Garcia | Arthur Brown | Raul Costa | Leandro Roza | Ronnie Brown | Cicero Rozario | Bernard Brown2nd Row: ?Leila António (Hidden) | Sari António | Eldora Soares Garcia | Millie Mathias | Camilla Brown | Dolly Brown | Adeline Xavier CostaHenry Brown | Irene Collaço Brown | Betty Brown | George Pearson | Betty Pearson d’Almada | Thelma Garcia Medina | Rupert “Sonny” MedinaHercilia Barros Brown (in front of Sonny) | Nena Souza | Bertie Xavier | Unknown* | Mrs. Souza (partly hidden) | Alfred Osborne (man behind)3rd Row (Seated): Joe António | Bertha Brown Osborne | Jeannie Brown Pearson | Alice Brown Xavier | Liza Brown Laurel | Mary Brown GarciaTracy Brown Rull | Unknown* | Unknown*Front Row: Margie Xavier | Vivian Rull | Belinda Xavier | Elfrida Garcia António | Colleen Brown | Marilyn “Mella” Brown | Elaine BrownNote: The Unknowns* are office workers in Liza Brown Laurel’s officeCourtesy: Gerald D’Almada | collection
206 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHenrietta and Cecilia Ozorio’s Birthday Party at 289 Waterloo Road, Kowloon [July 1956]1. Julio Sequeira | 2. Benny Silox | 3. Luiz Jorge da Silva | 4. Henry Souza | 5. Bernard “Googo” Santos | 6. Alex Mamak | 7. Raymond “Sonny” Honniball | 8. Gerry McDougall | 9. Francis Gomes | 10. Manuel Viana11. Julinho Vieira Ribeiro | 12. ?A. B. Salleh | 13. Carlos Noronha | 14. Terry Ewins | 15. Francis Noodt | 16. Ricardo Noronha | 17. Marcus “Mico” Gaan | 18. Richard “Dicky” Ozorio | 19. Katherine Leung20. Pat Ewins | 21. “Sluggo” Costa | 22. Jenny Woo | 23. Marilyn “Mella” Brown | 24. Evelyn Souza | 25. Marie Ribeiro | 26. Regina Santos | 27. Shirley Cheng | 28. Daniel Gomes | 29. Helena da Silva30. Marilou Souza | 31. Marie Britto | 32. Henrietta “Dinga” Ozorio | 33. Cecilia “Popeye” Ozorio | 34. Helena Figueiredo | 35. Natalia da Roza | 36. Claire FokCourtesy: Henrietta Ozorio | collection
207THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHenrietta and Cecile Ozorio’s Birthday Party at 289 Waterloo Road, Kowloon [July 1956]Courtesy: Henrietta Ozorio collection
208 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFrancis Souza’s Birthday [1956]Top Row Standing: Unknown | Oscar Collaço | Unknown | Ronnie Brown | Unknown | Unknown | Mico Gaan | Roberto “Bobby” Marques | Julinho Ribeiro | Gerald CunhaLaly Dayaram | Raymond Honniball | Joe SayerSecond Row Standing: Nena Souza Lomax | Unknown | Satiro Souza (behind ladies) | Irene Souza Cruz | Eric Tsao | Duarte Lopes | Mella Brown | Sheila MarquesFilomena Remedios | Sheila Ribeiro | Maria Helena da Silva3rd Row Sitting: Unknown | Jennie Lum | Margaret Chan | Dolly Honniball | Marilou Souza | Francis Souza | Marie Ribeiro | Aloha Rocha | ?Meg Chan?Front Row Sitting on Floor: Carlos Noronha | Ricardo Noronha | Daniel Gomes | António “Toneco” Jorge da Silva | Peter Remedios | Marcus “Cus-Cus” de Souza | Eddie PereiraCourtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
209THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMarie Cecille Basto’s Birthday [circa 1956]Top Row: Aloha Rocha (?) | Gladys Maher | Manuela “Kiki” Carvalho | Raquel Carvalho | Unknown | Monica Carvalho | Unknown | Bobby Osmund | Carlinho XavierDavid Silva | John Adolfo Basto | John “Junior” Pomeroy2nd Row (Standing): Robert “Bobby” Marques | Francis Basto | José “Jojo” Alonço | Christine Remedios | Rosa Carvalho | Marie Aleixa Basto | Socorro “Zaza” CarvalhoElaine Souza | Eleanor Xavier | Lourdes Guterres | Evelyn Alonço | Filomena Remedios Marie Franco | George Noronha | Irene Botelho | Francis Basto | K.B. KhoeEdward Basto | Robert “Bobby” Heng3rd Row (Seated): J. C. Khoo | Frances Gaan | Astrid Lee | Rita da Roza | Marie Camille Barros | Marie Cecille Basto | Sheila Collaço | Joyce OsmundDorothy Mendonza | Olga TavaresFront Row (Seated on Floor): Gustavo da Roza | Carlos “Calau” Yvanovich | Rennie Barretto | Carlos Remedios | José “Jojo” Basto | Daniel Castro | Alec Braga | Luis SouzaMario Machado | Ramon Xavier | Michael Osmund | Henrique “Eric” Remedios | Eddie Loureiro | Roberto Nunes | Pedro Couto Marcal | Dino Remedios | António GuterresCourtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
210 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDe Sousa 25th Wedding Anniversary [April 1957]Back Row (standing): Lily ? | Alice Leung (Co-owner of Chantecleer Bakery) | Rita Xavier | Yvonne Ozorio | Roger Joel | Cynthia Ozorio Joel | Ralph Carr-Hall, Olive OzorioFausto “Toto” Ozorio | Francis de SousaMiddle Row (Sitting): Felicitas “Cita” de Sousa (wife of Eddie Goddex) | Marie Louise “Nena” Ozorio | Horatio “Horace” Ozorio | Cezaria Filomena Sequeira Xavier Leonor Xavier de Sousa | Luis “Lichie” de Sousa | Carlos dos Passos Xavier | Aida Maria Soccoro Rozario de SousaFront Row (Seated on Floor): Antonio “Tony” de Sousa | Julieta de Sousa | Sylvia de Sousa | Cecilia “Popeye” OzorioCourtesy: Julie Regenbogen | collection
211THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDaughters of Rudolfo and Elfrida Baptista [1957] Socorro Filomena “Mimi” | Beatriz Elfrida “Betty” | Teresa Maria “Therese” | Maria Teresa “Marie” | Milentina Clotilde “Millie” | Geraldina Otília “Gerry” | Jacinta de FátimaCoutersy: Filomeno “Meno” Baptista | collection
212 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends at Carlos and Alice Vieira’s Flat in Kowloon [circa 1957]1.Unknown | 2. Unknown | 3. Carmen Mattos | 4. Carlos Azevedo | 5. Gertrude de Souza | 6. Cypre Caldas | 7. Johnny Chaves | 8. Unknown | 9. Unknown | 10. Arthur Britto 11. Unknown | 12. Unknown | 13. Marie Vieira | 14. Alicia da Silva | 15. Alice Delgado | 16. Phyllis Vieira | 17. Carmen Morales | 18. Marie Pinna | 19. Carlos Vieira20. Melita Vieira Ribeiro | 21. Richard Silva | 22. George Vieira | 23. Germanda de Souza | 24. Unknown | 25. Unknown | 26. Unknown | 27. UnknownCourtesy: Germanda de Souza Britto | collection
213THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIGermanda de Souza’s Birthday [8 February 1959]Back Row: Ricky Oliveira | Johnny Chaves | “Boy-Boy” Delgado | Sonny AzevedoFront Row: Yvonne Delgado | Alice Delgado | Germanda de Souza | Mari Franco | Julia de Souza | Aurea de SouzaCourtesy: Germanda de Souza Britto | collection
214 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIda Luz Family [14 December 1957]Children of Estefâno Epifâno and Vicência Maria da LuzBack Row: Archibald da Luz | Lucila da Luz d’Azevedo | Evelina “Mui Mui” Benedita da Luz | Ângela Maria da Luz | Raúl Francisco da Luz | João Victor “Johnnie” da Luz Front Row: Eduardo Guilherme “Eddie” or “Eming” da Luz | Haydée Maria da Luz | José Alberto “Joe” da Luz | Sara Maria “Sarita” da Luz Vieira Ribeiro Federico Gustavo “Mano” da LuzNote by Brenda Oliveira: Evelina Benedita da Luz (married 4 times: 1st marriage to Luís Jacinto Sales, 2nd to Heitor Remedios. When he died, she married a 3rd time to his brother “Nono” Remedios. After he died, she came to the US and married John Hepner)Courtesy: Gloria Helena d’Azevedo Barretto | collection
215THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPatsy Marques’ Birthday [circa 1959]Top Standing: Luiz “Sonny” Gutierrez | Marcus Vas | Manuel Nunes | Marcus “Mico” Gaan | Julio “Julinho” Vieira Ribeiro | Roberto Marques | Daniel CastroSonny Pieres | Rondo BernardoMiddle Standing: Henrique “Heninnie” Nunes | Filomeno “Meno” Baptista | Stella Franco | Luigi Noronha | Eugenio Xavier | June Xavier | Hilda BaptistaDelcy Baptista | Sheila Marques | Evelyn Alonço | Sally Silva | José “Jo-Jo” BastoSitting: Therese Rosa-Pereira | Ilma Santos | Filomena Remedios | Lydia ..?.. | Olga Noronha | Patsy Marques | Amy ..?.. Sarah ..?.. | Marilou Souza Jacinta Baptista | Mella BrownSitting on Floor: Frederico “Junior” Baptista | Barbara Baptista | Patrick CondonCourtesy: Isabella “Bella” Palmer | collection
216 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends at Dinner Party [circa 1956]Carlos “Carlinho” Rosa Pereira | Cecília “Cissy” Barros Noronha | Dr. Alberto Rodrigues | Henrique “Ariri” Noronha | Cynthia Rodrigues | Henrique “Darkie” BotelhoEleanor “Nokki” Xavier RemediosCourtesy: Anne “Maya” Rodrigues | collection
217THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II10 June (early 1960s)National Day of Portugal at Club LusitanoJoannes Soares | Lina Silva Netto | Lúcia “Lucy” Jorge Azedo | Aida Noronha Nolasco | Maria Fernanda Soares | Cynthia RodriguesCourtesy: Anne “Maya” Rodrigues
218 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFarewell to the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Alexander Grantham at Club Lusitano [1957]Dr. Albert Rodrigues | Fernando Ribeiro | Ren da Silva | Leo d’Almada e Castro (partly hidden) Lina Silva Netto da Silva | Zulmira de Castilho (wife of Consul of Portugal)Clotilde “Tilly” d’Almada e Castro | Sir Alexander GranthamCourtesy: Anne “Maya” Rodrigues | collection
219THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends in Chinese Costume at Club de Recreio [Early 1960s]Photograph taken at the Annual Fancy Dress PartyBack Row: Cynthia Rodrigues | Aninhas Noronha | Dr. Albert Rodrigues | Ariri Noronha | Jackie Noronha | Rogério LoboFront: Fernando RibeiroCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
220 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDinner to Honour Macau Governor Col. Jaime Silvério Marques and Mrs. Marques [15 December 1960]Dinner hosted by Dr. Albert and Cynthia RodriguesBack Row Standing: Arthur Gomes | Fernando Ribeiro | Henrique de Barros Botelho | Cassiano Azedo | Dr. Albert Rodrigues | Col. Jaime Silvério Marques (Macau Governor)Rogério Lobo | Zéca Marçal (in front of Rogério Lobo) | António Rodrigues da Silva | Captain Bastos (ADC to Governor) | Jack BragaMiddle Row Sitting: Margaret Lobo | ..?.. Bastos (ADC’s Spouse) | Maria Fernanda Ribeiro | Maria Augusta Silvéiro Marques (Governor’s spouse) | Cynthia Rodrigues Augusta Braga | Edith Sales | Olga Marçal | Maria Helena Rodrigues da Silva | Arnaldo “Sonny” de Oliveira SalesFront Row: Anne Rodrigues | Mari Rodrigues | Lucy Azedo | Alice GomesCourtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
221THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDr. Albert Rodrigues Visit to Governor of Macau [10 December 1961]Back Row: Dr. Adolfo Jorge | Dr. João Pequito (Portuguese Consul of Hong Kong) | Delano Lopes | Leo d’Almada e Castro | António Rodrigues da SilvaFront Row: Unknown (Military Commandant of Macau) | Dr. Alberto Pacheco Jorge | Dr. Albert Rodrigues | Jaime Silvério Marques (Governor of Macau) Col. Henrique Barros Botelho | Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales | Unknown (ADC to the Governor)Courtesy: Hong Kong University | Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues
222 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFancy Dress Party at Club de Recreio [1959]Photos taken at 1 Tak Shing Street, Kowloon before the party at Club de RecreioTop Left: Zoé de Sousa Sequeira | Club de Recreio, front of the building | Top Right: Luiz Alberto Jorge da SilvaBottom Left: José “Jojo” Basto | Unknown Partner | Julie Newby | Johnny MonteiroBottom Centre: Luís Nery | Johnnie-Gaye CollinsBottom Right: Manuel Guerreiro | Peter Remedios | Vasco Sales da Silva | Manuel ValomaCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
223THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMacau Guests at Christmas in Tak Shing Street, Kowloon [1959]Back Row: Vasco Sales da Silva | Manuel Valoma | Manuel GuerreiroMiddle: Luís NeryFront Row: Olga Jorge da Silva | Maria Santos | Maria Eugenia “Jenny” da SilvaCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
224 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBelarmino “Bertie” and Palmyra “Pam” Gosano Family [1960]Back Row: José “Joe” Gosano | Ricardo “Rick” Gosano | Daniel “Danny” GosanoFront Row: João “John” Gosano | Palmyra “Pam” Yvanovich Gosano | Tomás “Tom” Gosano (baby) | Antónia Gosano | Belarmino “Bertie” Gosano | David GosanoCourtesy: Palmyra “Pam” Gosano | collection
225THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIOliveira Family and FriendsBack Row: Edris Maria de Aquino Carvalho | Carmen Melâna Botelho Oliveira | Paulo Vicente “Pablo” Oliveira | Ana Joaquina “Belle” d’Almada e Castro Reed Raquel Maria Carvalho Remedios | Jorge Augusto RemediosFront Row: Victor António Oliveira | Tony Elarte | Marcus António “Boyee” Carvalho | Henrique “Ricky” Oliveira | Monica Maria “Kiki” Carvalho OliveiraCourtesy: Carmen Melânia Botelho Oliveira | collection
226 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIFriends at New Territories [circa 1960]Eric Remedios | Lourdes Guterres | Carmen de Souza | Carlos “Calau” Yvanovich | Noreen Sousa | Frankie Correa | Nelson Souza (in front of Frankie) | Luís “Luigi” GuterresCourtesy: Carmen de Souza O’Brien collection
227THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClub de Recreio’s Rugby Team [1961]Back Row: Chuck Gonçalves | Cornelius Coelho | Ronnie Brown | Henry Vianna | Joey Wilkinson | Fernando “Minchee” Mendes2nd Row: Alex Xavier | Albert Silva | Joaquim Collaço | Dick Chaves | Richard Winchell3rd Row: Robbie Costa | ? Silva (Manager) | Manuel Xavier (Captain) | Pearce Wiggett (Coach) | Albert XavierFront Row: Carlos Rosa | Michael Figueiredo | Danny FigueiredoCourtesy: Albert Xavier | collection
228 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlos Roberto Gonsalves and Marie Camille Barros Wedding [4 February 1962]St. Teresa’s Church, KowloonBack Row: Henrique António “Quito” Barros | Frederico Guilherme “Lico” Barros | Zaida Maria Barros Pinto Marques | Alfreda Mary “Freda” NoronhaAnna Rosa Dols | Henrique Alberto “Henry” Barros | Francisco de Paula Barros2nd Row: Ilma Andrade Barros | Teresa Maria “Terry” Noronha | Ana Maria “Aninhas” de Castro Basto Noronha | Leonardo Angelo “Leo” Barros | Father OrlandoCecília Maria “Cissy” Noronha Barros | José Eduardo “Jackie”Noronha | Raúl Miguel “Michael” Barros | Elvina Maria Barros Figueiredo3rd Row: Therese Rosa Pereira | Tony Silva | Carlos Roberto “Chuck” Gonsalves | Marie Camille Barros Gonsalves | António José “Tony” Barros | Astrid LeeFront Row: Frances Gonsalves | Cecília Noronha | Vasco Barros | Anne Noronha | Isabel Maria Ribeiro Courtesy: Fernando de Menezes Ribeiro | collection
229THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILuiz A. Jorge da Silva and Gloria M. Da Costa Wedding [1961]St. Teresa’s Church, KowloonBack Row: Arnaldo Augusto “Johnny” da Costa | Maria Antónieta Pinto Pacheco Jorge | Olga A. Jorge da Silva | Estela J. Viana da CostaMaria Eduarda Batalha da Silva | Eduardo Batalha da Silva | Olivia L. da Costa de Sousa (in front of Eduardo) | António de SousaFront Row: Arnaldo Henrique da Costa Jr. | Alberto Ângelo Pacheco Jorge | Ana Maria Pacheco Jorge | Luiz Alberto Jorge da SilvaGloria Maria da Costa Jorge da Silva | Cecile C. Gomes da Silva | Sylvia M. Gomes da Silva | Loreta Olivia Sousa (flower girl)Courtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
230 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIDr. Albert Rodrigues and FamilyAna Maria “Anne” | Alberto Eduardo “Tito” | Maria Luisa “Mari”Cynthia Maria da Silva | Dr. Albert Maria RodriguesCourtesy: Hong Kong University Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues
231THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIÁlvaro Maria “Avito” Campos and his father-in-law Rudolfo Diogenes Baptista on the Ferry to Cheung Chau Island [circa 1962]Courtesy: Jorge Remedios | collection
232 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAt a Retreat in Cheung Chau [1962]Monica “Kiki” Carvalho | Rick Oliveira | Fr. Marciano BaptistaCourtesy: Jorge Remedios collection
233THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIGroup in Nightclub, Hong Kong [1962]Manuel Xavier | Jorge Remedios | Raquel Carvalho Remedios | Rick Oliveira | Monica “Kiki” Carvalho | Helena d’Aquino | John CarvalhoCourtesy: Jorge Remedios | collection
234 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIBride and Ladies at Wedding of Carlos Yvanovich and Carmen de Souza [13 September 1962]Photograph taken at grounds of Club de Recreio, KowloonJean-Jean d’Assumpção | Flavia Collaço | Betty Figueiredo | Noreen Sousa | Alex Mendonça | Lilia Vieira | Yolanda de Souza | Carmen de SouzaLoretta Figueiredo | Unknown | Lourdes Guterres | Unknown (little girl) | Hilda “Girlie” Alonço | Charito Guterres | Elsa Prata | Iris Yiu | Mickey Collaço | Sylvia SilvaCourtesy: Carmen de Souza O’Brien | collection
235THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIGroom and Gentlemen at Wedding of Carlos Yvanovich and Carmen de Souza [13 September 1962]Photograph taken at grounds of Club de Recreio, KowloonFrankie Correa | Nelson Sousa | Bosco Correa | Carlos Yvanovich | Eric Remedios | Leo Vieira | Tony Osmund | Bruno BarradasCourtesy: Carmen de Souza O’Brien | collection
236 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIRobert Remedios and Miguella “Mickey” Collaço Wedding [18 March 1965]Rosary Church, KowloonBack Row: Carmen Victal | Evelyn Collaço | Sotero Collaço | Lillian Remedios | Fred RemediosSecond Row: Simon Gonsalves | Edriz Oliveira | Flavia Collaço | Miguella Collaço Remedios | Robert Remedios | Sheila Remedios | José RemediosFront Row: Lorraine RemediosCourtesy: Albertina Garcia | collection
237THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWedding of John Monteiro and Carol da Silva [28 September 1966]St. Teresa’s Church, KowloonBack Row: Eva Bontein da Rosa Monteiro | Francisco Xavier “Sonny “Monteiro | Dr. Alberto Maria Rodrigues | Leonardo Alberto da SilvaSecond Row: Arturo Maria “Archer” Larcina | Celsa Maria Monteiro Larcina | Celsa Maria “Celsita” Medina Monteiro | John Jude MonteiroCarol Ann da Silva Monteiro | Olga Maria Vieira Ribeiro da Silva | Leonardo José “Leo” da Silva Front Row: Francisco Xavier Monteiro Jr. (in front of Arturo Jr.) | Vasco Larcina (next to Francisco) | Arturo Maria Larcina Jr. | Shirley VasquezCelsa Maria “Celly” Larcina | Ana Maria da Rosa Monteiro | Sandra da Silva | Marilyn Marie da SilvaCourtesy: John and Carol Monteiro | collection
238 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IICarlos and Regina Noronha Family [1965]Carlos Guilherme Noronha | André Ricardo Noronha | Antónia Maria Noronha | Ricardo António Noronha | Leila Antoinette Barros Noronha Filomeno Marciano “Meno” Baptista | Eleanor Therese Noronha | Regina Maria Vieira Ribeiro Noronha | Carlos António “Charlie” NoronhaCourtesy: Eleanor Noronha Orth | collection
239THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIAntónio M. Jorge da Silva’s Birthday Party at 1 Tak Shing Street, Kowloon [1965]Top Row: Alfredo António Barros | José Salvado da Silva | Ricardo Noronha | Carlos Noronha | Filomeno “Meno” Baptista | Bosco CorreaSecond Row: Virginia Collaço McDougall | Carol da Silva | Gaby Ribeiro da Silva (behind Carol) | Leila Barros Noronha | Gigi Chan | Eleanor Noronha | Angela Reed John Carvalho | Olga Tavares Braga | Jenny Ribeiro da Silva | Nidia de Sales da Silva | Penelope Jorge da Silva | Vasco de Sales da Silva | Julinho Vieira RibeiroBottom Row: Peter Remedios | Heather Richards Remedios (behind Peter) | Gerry McDougall | Johnny Monteiro | Paul Silva | Fernão “Frankie” Vas | Alec Braga | Victor TavaresCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
240 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClementi “Saco” Delgado Family [October 1969]Back Row: Clementi Cecil “Saco” Delgado | Miguel Martin “Mike” Delgado | António Francisco “Tony” Delgado | Margaret Victoria Lewis DelgadoFront Row: Marina Pia Delgado | Zita Maria Carjota Fernandes Delgado | Cecília Anne Delgado | José Mario “Joe” DelgadoCourtesy: Clementi “Saco” Delgado | collection
241THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClementi “Saco” Delgado – Hong Kong Lawn Bowls and International Champion [1958 to 1976]Numerous Titles held at the local level representing Club de Recreio in singles, pairs, triples and rinks bowls, including Colony Singles five times and Champion of Champions titles twice. The only Colony representative to win four lawn bowls medals, 3 gold and 1 bronze, in international competition. The most decorated lawn bowler in Hong Kong’s history.Courtesy: Miguel “Mike” Delgado | collection
242 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIIX British Commonwealth Games, Edinburgh, Scotland [1970]Standing: Oscar Adam | George Souza | Roberto da Silva | A.R. Kitchell | Clementi “Saco” Delgado | Augusto P. “Spotty” Pereira Jr.Seated: Eric Liddell | Colonel Henrique A. de Barros Botelho, O.B.E., E.DCourtesy: Miguel “Mike” Delgado | collection
243THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIWinner A. S. “Tony” Cruz riding Don Antonio [1982-1983]Griffins (N.H.) Race No. 299, 1650 Metres, Shatin, New Territories, Hong KongUnknown trainer | Arnaldo Botelho | António Estavão “Tony” Cruz (Jockey) | Jean Ngai Botelho | Pedro Paulo “Paul” BotelhoCourtesy: Carmen Oliveira | collection
244 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IILeonardo Horácio “Leo” d’Almada e Castro, OBE, QC [1968]Courtesy: Ruy Barretto | collection
245THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISir Albert Rodrigues and Lady Cynthia Rodrigues [1974]Courtesy: Maria Luisa “Mari” Rodrigues Litsky | collection
246 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISir Roger Hyndman Lobo [1985]Civil Aid Commissioner’s uniform Sir Roger served as Commissioner of this volunteers’ support group for all eventualities for 18 yearsCourtesy: Sir Roger Hyndman Lobo | collection
247THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIComendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales [circa 1990]Courtesy: Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales | collection
248 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIComendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales with Queen Elizabeth II in Canada [August 1994]Photograph taken at the Commonwealth Games, Victoria, British ColumbiaCourtesy: Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales | collection
249THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMother Teresa’s Visit to Hong Kong at the 146th Congregation [1993]Prof. Wang Gungwu (Chancellor of Hong Kong University) | Mrs. Goh Keng Swee | Mrs. Wang Gungwu | Mother Teresa of Calcutta | Anna Noronha Rodrigues | Sir Albert RodriguesCourtesy: Hong Kong University | Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues
250 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISir Albert Rodrigues’ 90th Birthday at Club Lusitano [November 2002]Back Row: John Monteiro | Maria Fernanda “Nana” Carvalho Barros | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Henrique “Quito” Barros Artur Ernesto Gomes, M.B.E. (in front of “Quito”) | Unknown Nun | Unknown ( hidden) | Mary Gray Rodrigues | Ana Maria “Anne” Rodrigues (partly hidden)Bryan Rodrigues | Lola Rodrigues (little girl) Middle Row: Maria Fernanda Menezes Ribeiro | Sir Roger Lobo | Carol Monteiro | Unknown | Unknown Nun | Maria Luisa “Mari” Rodrigues Litsky | UnknownAnna Rodrigues | Vasco Rodrigues (little boy) | Elisa Litsky | Fernando Ribeiro | Dr. Albert “Tito” RodriguesFront Row (sitting): Michael Monteiro (kneeling) | Flora Chuang | Lucy Azedo | Alice dos Passos Gomes | Sir Albert Rodrigues | Comendador Arnaldo de Oliveira SalesLady Margaret Choa Lobo | Steven Rodrigues Courtesy: Hong Kong University | Memorabilia Photos and Documents of Sir Albert Rodrigues | collectionSubmitted by and with the permission of Dr. Albert and Dr. Mary Gray Rodrigues
251THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II60th Wedding Anniversary of Sir Roger and Lady Margaret Lobo [7 April 2007]Back Row: Orlando Manuel Lobo (in California) | Margaret Rosalyn Lobo Gullien (in Panama) | Marilyn Anne Lobo Simon (in Hong Kong)Maria Theresa Lobo Argente (in California) | Marco Alberto Maria Lobo (in Japan) | Maria Isabel Lobo Morrison (in Hong Kong) | Pedro José Lobo II (in California)Alfredo Paulo Lobo (in Hong Kong)Front Row: Branca Elena Lobo Gibbons (in San Jose, California) | Rogério “Sir Roger” Hyndman Lobo | Margaret Mary “Lady Margaret” Choa Lobo Dr. Rogério Arnaldo Lobo (in New York)Courtesy: Sir Roger Lobo | collection
252 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClub Lusitano, Hong Kong [July 2009]The cross mounted on top of the building is representative of the Cross of the Order of Christ which adorned Portuguese sails on their Voyages of DiscoveryCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
253THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIPortuguese Government Decorations of Club Lusitano, Hong KongCourtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collectionPhotographed with the permission of Club LusitanoOficial da Ordem Militar de Cristo Membro-Honorario da Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique
254 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIClub Lusitano Fibre Optic Lit CeilingLighting and Ceiling Layout by da Silva International, Hong Kong Courtesy: António M. Jorge da Silva | collection
255THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IISalão de Camões 27th Floor Club Lusitano, Hong KongCourtesy: Gustavo Ariel da Rosa | collection
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived256 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIThe Portuguese who settled in Hong Kong first lived on the island side of the Colony in an area known as Mato Morro located at the lower northern slope of Tai Ping Shan – Victoria Peak. As the population grew and Kowloon began to develop offering lower cost housing, many of the Portuguese moved to settle on the other side of the harbour. Some of those who stayed on the Island are listed below as residents of Mato Morro who lived adjacent to the Central Business District between 1946 and 1960.On the other side of the harbour, from Tsimshatsui to Kowloontong the land was level except for a few hills offering ease for housing development and transportation. There was ample space for growth and houses with rear gardens for fruit and vegetables were encouraged.The Portuguese settled in groups next to each other and usually within reasonable walking distance of church. In Mato Morro they settled around the Catholic cathedral and in Kowloon they lived in proximity to Rosary Church on Chatham Road and St. Teresa’s Church on the corner of Waterloo and Prince Edward Roads. The maps and list of residents compiled by those who lived in these districts in the two decades following World War II, between 1946 and 1966, give some perspective as to the closeness of this tight-knit community. The exception being the residents listed in the Homuntin area where many Portuguese families lived between 1937 and 1941. After world War II most moved to other areas in Kowloon. To the greatest extent possible the families are listed by surname, then naming the family members starting with the father and mother followed by the children and sometimes relatives who lived with them. Nicknames are often used as was common with the community then. Many were known by nicknames only and not by their The Areas Where the Portuguese LivedAppendix1 Forjaz, Jorge: Famílias Macaenses, 3 Volumes. Fundação Oriente – Instituto Cultural de Macau. Macau 19962 GSGS: Geographical Section. General Staff. War Office, London
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived257THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIgiven names. With given names like Maximiano, Perpetua, Guilherme and Gumelsindo who can blame their family and friends for using “Nano”, “Pepita”, “Hermie” or “Guido”? The lists of names are kept in this familiar manner as compiled by those who contributed the information for each group. The family and maiden names in the text were researched from the three volumes of Famílias Macaenses written by Dr. Jorge Forjaz.1The following are separate maps with lists of families who lived on the streets named. They did not necessarily live there in the same time period. A few families listed lived on these streets pre-World War II and non-Portuguese families related by marriage or long time association have also been included. The sons and daughters are listed following the names of the parents.The numbers on the maps are not street address numbers but refer to the names list for purposes of location and identification.The maps are not drawn to scale and the street locations are composites copied from:Edition I – GSGS2, Victoria Harbour. Series L8811, sheet 19, dated 1956With reference to:Hong Kong Official Guide Map, 7th Edition 1984 (New version) prepared by Survey Division, Lands Department, Hong Kong.Location Map
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived258 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIMato Morro and Vicinity, Hong Kong Island Residents of Mato Morro and Vicinity, Hong Kong Island [1946 - 1960]Compiled by Filomeno “Meno” BaptistaMato Morro is bounded by Glenealy, Robinson Road extending past Mosque Street, Shelly Street and Caine Road.> Robinson Road1. #1 Botelho: Trixi (née Choi) widow of Arnaldo “Nato” with children Patricia, Irene, Arnaldo Jr. and John 2. #5 Baptista: Alberto married to ..?.. Barradas (first floor)3. # Barradas: Vasco and Beatriz (née Vaz) with children Dulcie, Alex, Vasco Jr., Miguel and David4. # Vas family (second floor)5. # 10 Ribeiro: Artur and Stella (née Campos) with daughter Sheila (third floor)6. # Viana: Euclídes and Laura (née Luz) with children Celeste, Maria Amália, Eurico, Humberto, Euclídes Jr. and António 7. # 21 Tavares: Alberto and Queenie (née Julyan) with children Therese, Michael, Alberto Jr. and Robert 8. #28 Campos: Alvaro “Avito” and Teresa (née Baptista) with children Catherine and Peter 9. # 65 Vas: Jorge and Irene (née Remedios) with children Robert, Marcus, Gemma, Yvonne and Bernard “Benny”10. # Noronha: Augusto “Gussie” and Therese (née Gutierrez) with children Augusto Jr. “Tony”, Leonardo “Lennie” and Marie Therese Guterres: Emília “Nini” (née Yvanovich) and her sons Henrique and Álvaro (Emília was the prime tenant who invited the Noronhas to live with them)> Conduit Road11. #2 Botelho: Paul (first floor)12. # Botelho: Peter and Eleanor “Nelly” (née Eabry) with children Carole and Peter Jr. (second floor)
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived259THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II13. #28 Baptista: Marciano “Naneli” and Ana Maria (née Pereira) and his four sisters: Elisa, Hortencia, Robertina, Clotilde, and nephew Filomeno “Meno” (ground floor)14. # Roza Pereira: Francis and Pauline (née Leung) and sons Francisco “Chico”, Gabriel, António, Victor and João (top floor)> Mosque Junction and Mosque Street15. # Botelho: Noel and Noemi (née Chan) and children Irene, José, Cristina and Francisco (Mosque Junction)16. # Sousa: António Jacinto and his brother Pedro Esperança – Mosque Junction17. # Agabeg family – Mosque Street > Shelley Street 18. # Garcia family 19. # Pereira family> Peel Street20. # Sequeira: Maximilian “Max” with daughter Irene> Caine Road21. #3 Tavares family22. #35 Pomeroy: Henry William and Lucille Maria “Lucy” (née Coelho) with children Terence, Gordon, Patrick and Mildred23. # Pedrucco family24. # Medina family25. # Pereira family> McDonnell Road26. # 60 Xavier: Isidoro “Ito” and Leticia (née Remedios) with Miguel, Sílvia “Chivy”, Faustinho, Frederico, José and Carmen “Cita”. The children of “Ito” and Leticia who lived at this address became known as the McDonnell Road Xaviers: Miguel remained single “Chivy” who married Henrique Luz had four children: Lindy, Nena, Ricardo and Joaquim Faustinho who married Julia Gutierrez had five children: António, Eulália, Teresa, Francisco and Margarida Frederico who married Angelina Remedios had one son, Albert José who married Maria Fausta Remedios had one son, Robert “Cita” who married José da Silva had no children27. # Palmer: George and Katie (née Hyndman) with children Isabella “Bella”, Marilyn and Frederico28. # Alves: José Maria “Billy” and Elfrida (née Pereira) with children Pedro “Peter” and Ana Maria> Garden Terrace29. # Botelho: Col. Henrique “Darkie”30. # Noronha: Henrique “Riri” or “Ariri” and Cecília (née Botelho) with daughters Micaela “Miki”, Yolanda and Frederica 31. # Loureiro: Pedro and Gustavo> Bowen Road32. # Rodrigues: Dr. Albert & Cynthia (née Silva): Alberto Jr. “Tito”, Ana Maria “Anne” and Maria Luísa “Mari”33. # Vieira Ribeiro: Francisco and Maria Francisca with sons Ávaro, Diniz and Manuel34. # Silva: Marcus and family
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived260 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IITsimshatsui, Kowloon Residents between Mody Road and Austin Road, Kowloon [1946 - 1966]Compiled by Roberto de Graça, Barbara Cunha Vaz, Mercia Silva Poirier, Theresa Yvanovich da Luz, Alvaro Alonço and Bosco Correa> Carnarvon Road1. # Noronha: Carlos and Regina (née Vieira Ribeiro) with children Carlos, Ricardo, Eleanor and Antónia 2. # Osmund: Luís and Alda (née Silva) with children Pat, Danny and Edward “Baby”> Hanoi Road3. # Ribeiro: Marilia (née Jorge) with son Julio “Julinho”4 # Remedios: Augusto “Gussy” and Eleanor (née Xavier) with children Filomena, Edo, Frisco5. # Ozorio: Alberto and Guilhermina (née Aquino) with children António, Maria, Miguel6. # Pinna: Alberto and Alice (née Remedios)7. # Ribeiro: Guilherme “Aguy” and Hortencia (née Jorge) with daughters Virginia and Marie> Hart Avenue8. # Remedios: Augusto “Baba” and Leonor “Anui” (née Gomes) with children Catherine “Cat” and Augusto “Junior” Victor: José “Bertie” and Tulia Maria “Tulie” (née Barretto) Lived on the same floor opposite Augusto “Baba” Remedios9. # Silva: Reginaldo “Nado” and Mira (née Nunes) with children Leonel, Adalberto “Berto”, Hilda, Geraldine “Gerry”, Freda, Eddie, Beatriz “Bea”, Cecile and Sylvia.> Humphreys Avenue 10. # Cunha: Eneas and Luísa (née Eusébio) with children Alberto, Maria Luísa and Henrique
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived261THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II11. # Gomes: Luís Bras “Ito” & Maria (neé Monteiro) with children João “Jackie”, Maria do Carmo “Melin”, Henrique, Daniel, Francis> Cameron Road12. #19 Marçal: Sermelindo and Maria (née) Rosa) Carlos, Teresa,Luís “Luigi” and Beatriz (third floor) 13. #19 Xavier: Carlos and Emília (née Cruz): with children Eddie, Alfredo, Carlinho, Demétrio and Olympia (top floor) 14 #21. Neves family with their daughter Marina.15. #21 Silva-Netto: Roy and Carmen (née Alonço) with children Jude and Camille 16. #23 Sequeira: Francisco and Matilde (née Nuttal) with children Rennie, Sheila and Robert17. # Nolasco da Silva: Porfírio and Aida (née Noronha) with children Helena and Porfírio Jr. (ground floor)18. # Rozario: Cassiano and Ada (née with children Antoinette, Patricia, Jacqueline, Joyce, Terence and Joseph (top floor)19. #2 Gutierrez Luís and Anísia (née Lopes) with children Margo and Luís “Sonny” (top floor)20. #8 Guterres: Luís Esperança “Ito” and Constança (née Jorge): Luís “Hynes”, Joaquim, António “Sticky”21. #10 Leiria: Nina22. #11 Gardner: Carlos Augusto and Rosário (née Benito) children Virginia (married Erasmus Selavisa Alves) and Francis23. #12 de Graca: Henrique and Celeste (née Xavier) with children Joe, Sylvia, Robert, Armando and Henrique Santos: Armando and Elfrida (third floor) Motta: Victorino “Victor” and Catherine (née Zimmerman) Xavier: Manuel “Memie” and Marie (née Marçal) Pinna: Germano “Gerry” and Filomena (née Remedios) d’Almada Remedios: Roberto “Bob” and Catherine (née Remedios) Baptista: George (top floor) 24. #17. Xavier: Mildred, Francisco “Chico” and Alfonso – children of Renaldo Gustavo and Cecília (née Rosario) Xavier> Salisbury Avenue25. #2 Cruz: George and Carmelina (née Xavier) with children Teresa, Elena and Georgito Luz: Leonardo and Ana (née Fang) with children Georgina (married Manuel Sarrazola) and Dickie 26. #3 d’Aquino (pre-War): Gastão and Maria de la Paz (née Sinjian y Soler) Vas: Jorge and Irene (née Remedios) with children Roberto, Marcus, Gemma, Yvonne and Bernardo27. #4 Remedios (pre-War): José Candido Cunha: Idalina Maria (neé dos Remedios) with children Gerald and Barbara (4A – first floor) Remedios: Heitor “Hector” and Carmelita (née Britto) with children Ena, Daniel, Mariazinha and Jaime (4A – ground floor) Remedios: Dulcinea “Cinie” sister of Hugo and Heitor (4A – top floor) Remedios: Hugo and Alda (née Britto) with children Jeffrey, Leonardo “Lenny”, Brenda and Rogerio “Rogie” Silva: Henrique “Beefy” and Lilian (née Xavier) with children Tina, Eddie, Sheila, Richard and Marie (4B – first floor)28. #5 Carvalho: Duarte and Maria José (née Botelho) with children Guilhermina “Ina”, Tony, Vera and Johnny29. #6 Silva: Henrique and Áurea (née Carvalho) with children Henry, Eduardo, Gloria, Lionel, Rick, Mercia and Sally (the family also lived at this address pre-War)30. #7 Remedios: Lucy (née Beltrão) with children Alfredo, Gerry and Donel Beltrão: Concha (Lucy’s sister) Pereira: Gustavo “Gussie” and Marie (née Baptista): Álvaro “Sapeic” and Lina Maria (Gussie’s father and mother) and uncle Manuel “Mano”. Gussie’s children – Denise, António and Paul31. #8 Fernandes family: Dolores, Anita, Geraldine and Maureen32. #10 McGrann: Alan William and Maria da Conceição “Kimmy” (née Barretto) with son Dennis Cotton: Mr. & Mrs. John (not Macaense; he was Anglo-Indian and his wife was Filipina; however, their second daughter Evelyn was married to Oscar Collaço): Joyce, Evelyn and Marilyn Jorge: Pat and Julia (née Fernandes)
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived262 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II33. # Carvalho: Marcus and Edris (née Aquino): Raquel, Rosa, Monica (pre-War and for a short time after)34. #13 Silva: Arthur and Maria Luisa (née Franco): Yolanda, Lily, Hugo, Luís and Carmen.> Granville Road35. # Souza: Nelson, Alvaro and Alfred36. # Sequeira: Jorge and Tila (née Danenberg)37. # Nunes : Victor & Carmen (née Vas) with children Roberto and Manuel38. # Vieira Ribeiro: Angelo & Edith (née Ribeiro) with children Evelina, Vicente, Maria, Guilherme and Rita.> Kimberley Road39. # Vieira Ribeiro: Artur and Stella (née Campos) with daughter Sheila40. # Barretto: Palmira “Parmi” (née Botelho) with daughters Kimi and Tulie (pre-War), John and Gloria: Brenda, John Jr. and their uncle Noel, (John Sr.’s brother) 41. # Remedios: Luísa (née Noronha) with her sons Joey and Bertie # Silva: Leo and Olga (née Vieira Ribeiro) with daughters Marilyn, and Carol.42. # Marques: Carlos an José Conde José Conde d Betty (née Yvanovich) with children Beatrice, Roberto, José, Celeste, Aurea, Armando, Thelma, Alda and Rita.43. # Pinna: Sebastião. His children and their families living with him were Germano and Maria Luíza (née Gutierrez) with children Gerry and Vilma; Henrique “Anik” and Augusta (née Guterres) with daughter Cecília; Alberto and Alice (née Guterres).44. # Guterres: George and Betty (née Ozorio) with sons Robert “Sonny”, Michael and Patrick45. # Sousa: Tony and Olga (née Cordeiro)46. # Gosano: Bertie and Pam (née Yvanovich) with children Danny, Joe and Ric.> Observatory Road47. # Silva: Ren and Lina (née Silva-Netto) with children Frances, Leo and RenaldoAustin Avenue (between Kimberley Road and Chatham Road)Portuguese families that lived in this section of Austin Avenue pre-World War II lined the front of their houses with holy pictures and statues when processions from Rosary Church made their first turn into the street where they lived.48. # Xavier: Maria Luisa (née Barradas) with children Leonel, Albert, Lilian and Sheila49. # Remedios: Oscar Pedro and Sílvia (née Remedios) with children Hugo, Sílvia and Letty.50. # Soares: Fernando and Maria Augusta (née Rodrigues) with children Carlos and Inês.51. # Almeida: Júlio and Elvira (née Franco) with children José, Luís and Júlio Jr., Manuel and Maria.52. # Collaço: Sotero “Sortie” and Evelyn with daughters Flavia and Miguella.53. #10 Xavier family with son Ramon.54. # Osmund: Carlos and Cecilia (née Xavier) with children Robert and Joyce.55. # Rosario: Elvie, Peling, Sergio (married Thelma da Luz, daughter of Raúl Francisco) (also pre-War)56. # Silva: Georgie “Darling” and family.57. # Rosario: Elfrida “Fifi”.58. # Botelho: Álvaro and Júlia (née Almeida) with children Carlinho, Alberto, Tony, Margie, Armando and Olívia.> Chatham Road59. #35 Luz: Mrs.? with children José, Boaventura “Tura” and siblings (basement)60. #35 Luz: Dolores “Dolly” (née d’Almada Remedios) with children Manuela and Gilberto (first floor)61. #35 da Luz: Maria and Anina (sisters of Augusta Braga) – not related to the Luz family living in the basement but are related to Dolores “Dolly” and her family.
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived263THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II62. #35 Braga: José “Jack” and Augusta (née da Luz) with children Carol, Teresa, Mariazinha, Angela, António “Chico”, José “Zéca” and Pedro.63. # Silva: Nydia (née Barretto) with children Geraldine, Jacqueline, Jim, Paul and Nick (also pre-War)> Hillwood Road64. # Assumpção: João “Assau” and Lizzie (née Oliveira) with children Carlos, João Merlinde and Lyce.65. # Remedios: Jorge “Beany” and Marie (née Wong) with mother Lily and children Jorge Jr. Vincent, Deanna, Arthur, Christine and Francisco.66. # Brown: Richard Peter and Elizabeth (née Mendonça) with son Richard Cyril “Sonny”.67. # 68. # Rodrigues: Maria Amélia (née Menezes) with children Leonel, Verna, Diniz, Thomas “Tommy”, Sheila, Teresinha “Terry”, June, Socorro, Verna, Wanda and Maria Fernanda.69. # d’Almada: Dick and Elizabeth (née Pearson) with children Estelle, Gerald, Dianne and Peter.70. # Ling: David and Rita (née Silva).71.* # Alonço: Deusdedit and Hilda (née Guterres) with children Jojo, Evelyn, Alvaro, and Girlie. * They resided at the corner of Pine Tree Hill Road (across from Cox’s Road) and Hillwood Road.72. # Assumpção family> Austin Avenue (between Austin Road and Kimberley Road)73. # Aquino: Gastão and Maria de la Paz (née Sinjian y Soler) with children Gastão Jr., Gabriela, and Gerardo.74. # Motta: Tony and Stella (née Ozorio) with children Rennie and wife Muriel and José “Spuddy”.75. # Motta: Bobby and Joy76. # Castro: David and Berta (née Soares) with children Daniel and Yvonne.77. # Luz: Loretta.78. # Luz: Eduardo and Olga (née Remedios) with children Daniel, Leonardo, Doreen and Irene.79. # Pedrucco: Julia (née Maher) with children Rudolfo “Chandu”, Virgilio “Vic” and others. It is uncertain which of the others lived in this house.80. # Silva: Nydia (née Barretto) with children Geraldine, Jacqueline, Jim, Paul and Nick (moved from Chatham Road).81. # Silva: Carlos M. with children Helena and “Boy-boy”.82. # Luz: Joe and Pat (née Castro) and children.83. # Roza-Pereira: Carlos “Carlinho” and Betty (née Xavier) with daughters Ena and Therese.84. # Lawrence: Wilfred and Olga (née Vieira Ribeiro) with son Wilfred Jr. “Wally”.> Tak Shing Street85. #1 Jorge da Silva: Olga (née Pacheco Jorge) with sons António “Toneco” and Luíz. Monteiro: Celsa (née Medina) with son Johnny. Remedios: Júlia “Meime” (née Oliveira) with children Benita, Antónia, Peter. Many young men and women from Macau who found work in Hong Kong stayed in this house for a year or two, among them were: Manuel Sequeira, Vasco Sales da Silva, Gaby and Jenny da Silva, Luís Nery, Manuel Valoma, Manuel Guerreiro, “Totó” Branco.86. #11 Baker: Tom and Doris with children Gloria, Vivienne (married to Frankie Correa), Eileen, Pamela and Kenneth.Tak Hing Street (many other families lived in “Tung Cheong Building” on this street)87. # Guterres: Dr. António “Tony” and Thelma (née d’Assumpção) with children José, Manuel, António, Lourdes, João Carlos and Ângela and Peter.
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived264 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II> Nathan Road88. # Histed: Captain ? and Ester (née Placé da Silva) with daughter Helen. (Katherine Building)89. # Christensen: Engelhardt and Cassilda Maria “Cassie” (née Carvalho) and son Harald. (Katherine Building)90. # Xavier: Pedro and Maria Amélia (née Sarrazola) with children Armando, Irma, Lisbello “Bello”, Jaime, José, Leonardo, Sílvia and Arthur. (Katherine Building)91. # Lopes: Secundinho “Sagi” and Julia (née Pereira) with children Irene “Nena”, Irene “Ding”, António “Tony”, Julia “Jiggs” and Maria. (Katherine Building) 92. # Reed: Willy and Belle (née d’Almada e Castro) with daughter Ângela.93. # Barnes: Maria Francisca (née Cruz) with son Frank.94. # Danenberg: Renaldo and Carolina (née Cruz) with son Jude Benjamin “Benny”.95. # Pinna: Mario and Agnes (née Barnes). 96. # Xavier: José and Cristina (née Jorge) with children Vanda, Alex and Shirley.97. #174 Lee: Joseph and Maria Cristina (née Ozorio) with children Astrid and Bernard.> Knutsford Terrace98. #10-12 Braga: José Pedro and Olive (née Pollard) with children Jean, Maude, Clement, Noel, Hugh, James, Tony, John, Paul, Caroline and Mary. Jack was in Macau. circa 1924-1946. Kowloontong, Kowloon
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived265THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIResidents between Prince Edward Road and Boundary Street, Kowloon [1946 - 1960]Compiled by Michael “Mike” McDougall, Raquel Remedios and Jorge Remedios. Corrections and additions by Bosco Correa – March 2010)First Printed in the Lusitano Bulletin on a drawing by Mike McDougall. This has now been redrawn, corrected and the names modified to suit the format of the other maps and family lists.> Prince Edward Road1. # Rozario: Fídelis and Mercedes (née Silva) with children Armando, Cynthia, Olga and Therese. 2. #225 Arnulphy: Carlos and Paulina (née Lopes) with children Gabriel, Michael, Cecile, Marie Louise and Marie Jeanne. 3. #227 Carvalho: Marcus and Edris (née Aquino) with children Raquel, Rosa, Monica, Marcus Jr., John and Theresa. 4. # Souza: Thelma, Yvonne, Pam and son, Aida, Frederic and daughter. Rozario: Eduardo and Mary (née Placé).5. #253 Barretto: Alfonso and Gloria (née d’Almada e Castro) with sons Leo and Ruy. Basto: John and Olívia (née Barretto) with children João Adolfo, Maria Alexia and Maria Olívia.6. # Roza: Carlos7. #227a McDougall: Eddie and Betty (née Ozorio) with children Michael, Selsa, Gerry and Gina.8. #289 Ozorio: Fausto “Toto” and Olive (née Xavier) with children Patricia, Horace, Maria Luísa “Nena”, Elfrida “Fifi”, Cynthia, Dickie, Henrietta “Dinga” and Cecilia. # 289b Gutierrez: Jojo, Francis. #289c Amaral: Marie9. #301 Lopes: Irene “Ding”, Nena and Marie – three sisters. Daughters of Secundino Lopes and Júlia (née Pereira).10. # Noronha: Ricardo “Dickie” and Maria ‘Mariachai” (née Rozario) and children Henrique “Mickey” and Rosemarie. Also staying with them were Edgar “Bugee” and Celina (née Rozario) Hyndman.11. # Alves: José “Pepito” and Carmen (née Soares) with children Alberto, Cynthia, Betty, Jack, Fernando and Carrie.12. #134/5 Antonio: Ernesto and Sara (née Rozario) with children Joe, Hilda, Policarpio, Leila, Hilária, Pacita, Ernesto, Filomeno, Gabriel, Michael and Sarita.13. # Sequeira: Pedro Nolasco and Celeste (née Venâncio) with eleven children of this second marriage, Luís, Filisberto, Eduardo, João, Lindamira, Marcus, Jorge, and among them musicians Cassiano “Gussie”, Alfred, Augusto and Lionel.14. # Abraham: Macario and Aguida (née Tangap) with children Freddy and wife Beatrice (née Rodrigues), Tommy and Francis.15. # Marques: Bernardo, Luís “Affino” and Adelino “Lino” – three brothers.16. # Gosano: Adeliza (née Marques) with some of her family Gerry, Alda, Ave, Zinho and Geraldine.17. # Nolasco da Silva: Porfírio and Cecília “Cissy” (née Machado) and daughters Edith and Laura.18. # Hussain: Jindoo and Gertie (née Barros) and children Lorrain, Brenda and Michael. # Barros: Augusto “Atutu” and Elizabeth “Lizzie” (née Mackintosh) with children Anizia and Alfred.19. # d’Almada e Castro: Leonardo “Leo” and Clothilde “Tillie” (née Barreto).20. # Sales: Reinaldo and Emília (née Oliveira) with family Arnaldo, Thelma, Elfrida, Amalia, Marie, Rennie and Alex.21. # Lopes: Artur and Albertina (née Marinho) with children Alíce, Edelberto, Theresa “Tessie”, Tony and Marie.22. # Sequeira: Alda (née Barretto) with children Manuel, Mércia, Delísia, Iria and Júlio. # Silva: Francisco and Lilia (née do Rosario) with children Evelyn, Constancio “Gussie” and Bernardo “Benny”.23. # Noronha: José “Jackie” and Anna (née Basto) and their son George.24. #252 Heng: Mina, Florence and Bobby.25. # Pomeroy: John, Nonie, Bernard, Louis, Marie, Junior, Viki, Joyce, Felice, Gladys, Gerald and Roy.26. # Gomes: Juliana (née Fonseca) with son Carlos Augusto and daughter Helena “Molly”, her husband Alfred Hill and their son Robin.
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived266 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II> Waterloo Road27. # Correa: Carlos “Charlie” and Julia (née Soares) with sons Frank and Bosco. Also living with them were Mem de Vasconcellos Soares and Alyrio “Alec” Braga.28. # Basto: Carlos and Carolina “Cano” (née Maher) with children Tony, Marie-Cecile and José “Jojo”.29. # Pinna: Henrique “Anik” and Alice (née Sequeira) with children Cecilia, Fernando and Josie.30. # Barros: Henrique “Henry” and Cecília “Cissy” (née Noronha) with children Marie-Camille, Frank, Quito, Michael, Leo and Tony.31. # Gosano: Dr. Eddie and Adeline Hazell (née Lang) with daughters Stephanie, Susanne and Edwina.32 # d’Almada e Castro: Francisco X. “Frank” and Marie (née Ozorio) with sons Francisco “Fritz” and Bruno.> Belfran Road33. #1 Lasala: Tony, Ernest, Eddie and Bobbie (4 brothers) sons of Robert and Camille, after whom Camille Apartments, which they owned, was named.34. #1 Nolasco da Silva: José and Alíce (née Menezes Ribeiro) and son Manuel (Camille Apartments, ground floor)35. #1 Ribeiro: Fernando “Bebé” Menezes and Maria Fernanda (née Nolasco da Silva) with children Margarida, Isabel, João and Luís Alberto. (Camille Apartments, ground floor)36. #3 d’Almada e Castro: Laura (née Alves) and son Christopher “Bippo” (Camille Apartments, ground floor)37. #3 Carvalho: António with daughters Manuela “Kiki” and Socorro “Zaza” (Camille Apartments, first floor)38. # Rozario: Artur “Chelly” and Henriette Marie Louise (née Demée) with children Armando, Roberto, Rick, Mariazinha, Angelina, Leonardo and Tereza.39. # Maher: Bertie and Eliza (née Luzula) with children Norma, Gladys and Artur.> Boundary Street40. # Roza: Gustavo “Gussy” and Cecília “Cissy” with children Therese, Gustavo Jr. “Gus”, Danny, Cecile, Natalie and Mariazinha41. 150 Basto: Bernardino “Baby” and Lucette “Lucy” (née Patard) with sons Gerald, Francis and Eduardo.42. 164 Braga: Hugh and Nora (née Bromley) with their children Sheila and Stuart.
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived267THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIResidents of Homuntin [1937-1941]Compiled by Bosco CorreaThe residents listed lived in this area before World War II. According to Bosco Correa who compiled this list, this was the pinnacle of the Portuguese community’s residence in this area. After the War the number of residents of Homuntin declined drastically.> Braga Circuit1. # Braga: Hugh and Nora (née Bromley) with children Sheila and Stuart.2. # Braga: Noel and Marjory (née Morris) with children Maurice and Janyce.> Kadoorie Avenue 3. # Roza: Alfredo “Fred” and Elfrida “Effie” (née Osmund) with sons Carlos, Manuel, Denis and Peter.> Argyle Street 4. # Basto: Dr. Roberto Alexandre “Alex “and Anna (née Korrodi) with son Richard 5. # Basto: Casimira (née Senna Fernandes). Note: Her home at the corner of Argyle Street and Peace Avenue was named “Milalda” after her daughters Mila and Alda.6. # Remedios: Luís “Ito” and Cybelle (née Guimarães) with children Horatio, Gloria, Philo, Gaspar, Rene, Telmo and Zela.7. # Guimarães: Kathleen (née Cruise) and sons Guilherme “Willie” and Leo.8. # Figueiredo: Francisco and Teresa (née Guimarães) and son Ernesto “Ernie”. > Julia Avenue9. # Rocha: Mrs. with sons Daniel and Tony.10. # Vieira Ribeiro: João with son Lúcio and wife “Dida” (née Matos).Homuntin, Kowloon 1937-1941
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived268 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II> Soares Avenue11. # Kennedy: Frederick and Lorelei Maria (née Ribeiro) with children Patrick, Irene, Catherine, Peter, Anthony and Freda.12. # Barros: João Cinza and Maria (née dos Remedios) and his children António, and Natália “Nate”. 13. # Yvanovich: Felipe “Pito” and Palmira (née Lopes) with children Palmira “Pam”, Alzira, Laura “Lolita”, Philippe, Guilherme “Avichi”, Theresa “Titch” and Carlos “Calau”. Also residing there were Carlos “Carlito” Lopes and Miguel “Mike” Mendonca.14. # Barros: Francisco and Leonidia (née Barros) with children Henrique “Henry”, Frederico “Lico”, Zaida and Elvina.15. # Gosano: Adeliza (née Marques) with children Lino, Bertie, Linda, Eddie, Avelina, Luigi, Gerry and Zinho.16. # Sequeira: Carlos and Beatriz (née Venâncio) with children Luís, Francisco “Chico”, Acácia, Lúcia, Telma, Maria Luisa and. Gumelsindo “Guido”.> Victory Avenue17. #14 Demée: Arnaut and Belmira (née Demée) with children Alfred, Bernard, Alphonse, Pierre, Lionel and Nanette. Also residing there was David Demée.18. #16 Houghton: Marcellus and Marie (née Rosario) with children Lionel, Bobbie, Doreen, Danny and Patsy.19. #16B d’Assumpção: The sisters Merlinde “Merlie” and Ines “Ahu”.20. #18 d’Assumpção: Bernardino “Riri” and Alzira (née Luiz) with children, Carlos “Carlinho”, Henrique “Henry” also known as “Quito”, Maria Ernestina “Jean Jean”.21. # d’Eça: Pureza22. # Botelho: José Maria “Joe” and Julia (née Liang)23. # Noronha: José “Jackie” and Anna (née Basto) and son George. > Liberty Avenue 24. #1 Osmund: Artur with daughter Alícia “Ali”, his sister Albertina Pereira (née Osmund), his brother Ernest Osmund and his stepson Pederico and wife “Tiddy” (née Hyndman) Xavier and their son Robert “Bobbit”.25. # 3 Figueiredo: Henrique and Emília (née Marques) with sons Alberto and José “Josie” with his wife Celeste (née Xavier) and their son Danny, Henrique’s daughter Maria “Figgy” also known as “Tai Marie”. Also residing with them was Laura (née Marques) Basto.26. #7 Roza: Sylvia (née Gomes) with children Eddie, Carmen, Alvaro, Marie, Manuel and Gloria. 27. #9 Silva: Reginaldo “Nado” and Lindamira “Mira” (née Nunes) with children Leonel, Adalberto “Berto”, Hilda, Marie, Geraldine “Gerry”, Freda, Eddie and Beatriz “Bea”.28. #8 d’Almada Remedios: Francisco “Paco” and Hermilla “Milla” (née Osmund) with children Luigi, Beatrice “Girlie”, Miguel “Mickey”, Bobby, Deniz “Chappy” and Christine.29. #6 Luz: Franciso “Jucus” and Dolly (née d’Almada Remedios) with children Manuela and Gilberto.30. #4 Collaço: Maximiano with children Francisco “Chico” and Telma. His two daughters’ respective families: (a) Frederick and Camilla (née Collaço) Brown with children Anthony “Jock”, Dolly, Jacqueline, Freddy and Bernard. (b) Henry and Irene (nee Collaço) Brown with daughter Tracey.31. #2. de Vasconcellos Soares: Francisco “Frank” and Emma (née Selavisa Alves) with family Joannes, Mem, Luiz “Luigi”. His daughter’s family: Carlos “Charlie” and Julia (née de V. Soares) Correa and their children, Francisco “Frankie”, Bosco, Pamela and Gabriel.> Peace Avenue32. # Osmund: Alvaro and Gertrudes “Tudie” (née Pinna) with sons Tony “Red” and Michael.
Appendix • The Areas Where the Portuguese Lived269THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume II33. #6 d’Almada Remedios: Fernando “Fear” and Carmen (née Osmund) with children Felipe, Eddie, Alfonso “Al”, Therese, Bernardine, Carlos and Dino.34. # Luz: Raul and Demetilia (née António) with children Luís “Lichi”, Filomena “Filis”, Amélia, Elfrida, Thelma, Dolly and Raul “Sonny”.Waterloo Road35. # Lemos: Leopoldo and Joana Adelaide (née Noronha).36. # Pereira: Iride (née Pogi) with children Giovanni “John” and Loretta.37. # Figueiredo: Manuel and Leonor (née Silva) with their son Carlos “Charlie” and his wife Adozinda (née Lemos) with their daughters Betty and Loretta.38. # Silva: Francisco “Chico”39. # Alvares: The sisters Delmira and Maria Laura.38. # Xavier: Lisbello “Bello” and Alzira (née Alvares) with children Alvaro, Meme, Geraldine, Ramona and Edith. 40. # Costa: Frederico “Taifie”and Olga (née Figueiredo) with children Emmanuel “Gaudie”, Lollie and Roberto “Robbie”.41. # Montalto de Jesus: Leonor (née Carvalho) with children Lucilia, Paz “Pachie”, Hugo and Deniz.42. # Remedios: Edmundo and Consuelo (née Montalto de Jesus). 43. # Remedios: Carlos “Chodas” and Genoveia “Genny” (née Gonçalves).44. # Pinna: Mario and Agnes “Aggie” (née Barnes).45. # Nolasco da Silva: Porfirio “Firio” and Aida (née Noronha) with daughter Helena.> Homantin Street Residents of United Terrace (On the Eastern side of the Street) 46. # Figueiredo: Henri and Amalia (née d’Assumpção) with daughters Carlotta, Helena and Marie.47. # d’Assumpção: The sisters Guilhermina “Mina”, Maria “Micas”, and Edith “Bachay”. 48. # Carvalho: Sebastião and Leonor (née Collaço) with children Sebastião “Sebas”, Sylvia, Gerry and Cecilia. 49. # Xavier: Paulo and Ana (née Alvares) with children Esmeralda, Nuno, Jacqueline and Claudette. 50. # Alvares: José. (Houses on the Western side of the Street)51. # Soares: Franciso X.“Chiquito”and Angela (née Hyndman) with sons Rolando “Ronnie” and José Alexandre “Billy”.52. # Xavier: Carlos and Eulalia “Anui” (née Hyndman) with sons Carlos “Buddy”, Deniz, Bosco, and Manuel.53. # Palmer: George and Katie (née Hyndman) with daughters Isabella and Marilyn. 54. # Xavier: Carlos “Carlinhos” and Emilia (née da Cruz) with children Eduardo, Alfredo, Carlinho, Demetrio and Olimpia56. # Xavier: Vasco and Irene (née Alvares) with children Elga, Basilio “Lilio”, Eugenio, and Lidia.57. # Van Langenberg: Arthur and Celeste (née Rosario) with children Shirley, Gerald, Hilda and Arthur.58. # Marques: José and Elvira (née Alvares) with daughters Margarida “Guida” and Olivia. 59. # Gutierrez: João and Edwiges (née Bernardo) with children Belarmina, Lindamira, Renaldo, Eduardo “Edo”, Marcus, Roberto, and Teresa.60. # Gonçalves: Maria (née Hyndman) with family Johnny, Meme, Terry, Nena and Norma.61. # Gonçalves: Julio and Francesca (née Cunha) with children Afonso, Eleanor, Tony and Anibal “Ani”. > Sai Yee Street (Mongkok)62. # Guterres: Mario and Lilian (née Chiao) with children Gustavo, Lionel, Edmundo “Eddie”, Gloria and Vicente “Vince”. Also Mario’s parents José and Rita (née Correa) Guterres with their daughter (Mario’s sister) Dora.
270 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IId’Almada e Castro, Leonardo: Some Notes on the Portuguese in Hong Kong. Speech by Leo d’Almada e Castro, K.C. at Club Lusitano, Hong Kong, Macau, Imprensa Nacional, 1949.Banham, Tony: We Shall Suffer There. Hong Kong’s Defenders Imprisoned, 1942-1945, Hong Kong University Press, 2009.Bard, Solomon: Traders of Hong Kong: Some Foreign Merchant Houses, 1841-1899. Urban Council, Hong Kong, 1993.Bosanquet, David: Escape Through China – Survival After the Fall of Hong Kong, London, Robert Hale, 1983.Castilho, Guilherme, The Portuguese Emigrant – His Moral and Psychological Characteristics, Correspondencia, ed. by Guilherme de Castilho), Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, 2 vols, Lisboa, 1982.Endacott, George B.: A History of Hong Kong, London, Oxford University Press, 1958, 2nd edition, 1964.Forjaz, Jorge: Famílias Macaenses, Instituto Cultural de Macau, Fundação Oriente, 3 Volumes, Macau 1996.Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: The Portuguese Community in Hong Kong – A Pictorial History, Conselho das Comunidades Macaenses and Instituto Internacional de Macau, 2007.Jorge da Silva, António M. Pacheco: Diaspora Macaense to California, Associação Promotora da Instrução dos Macaenses, Macau 2009.Luff, John: The Hidden Years, South China Morning Post, 1967.Montalto de Jesus, C. A.: Historic Macao, 2nd edition 1926, reprinted by Oxford University Press, 1984.Bibliography Ride, Edwin: BAAG: Hong Kong Resistance 1942-1945, BAAG: Hong Kong Resistance, Hong Kong, Oxford University Press, 1981.Rosario, Cicero: Cicero Rosario’s P.O.W. Memoirs – Experiences at Sendai Camp, Kyushu, Japan. Lusitano Bulletin, Volume 16, No. 1, Spring 2006.Silva, Beatriz Basto da: Cronologia da História de Macau, Século XIX, 5 Volumes, Direcção dos Serviços de Educação e Juventude, 1995. Silva, Frederic A. “Jim”: Things I Remember, Self-Published, San Francisco, California, 1999. Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Filipe “Luigi”: The POW Memoirs of a Private and a Gentleman, Lusitano Bulletin, California, Volume 6, No. 4, Winter 1997.Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Filipe “Luigi”: Some letters to the Press Ribeiro wrote on behalf of ex-POWs and their Widows, Lusitano Bulletin, California, Volume 7, No. 2, Summer 1998.Wright-Nooth, George with Adkin, Mark: Prisoner of the Turnip Heads, Cassell, 2000.Wordie, Jason: Fading Legacy of the Loyal Portuguese, article in the South China Morning Post, 21 March 1999.Yvanovich, Philippe: My Wartime Experience, December 1941-December 1945 (Corporal 3625). Self-published, 2009.
Bibliography271THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIIndex Barreto, Gloria, 27Barretto, João António, 20Barretto, Leo, 61Barretto, Ruy, 61Barretto, Túlia Maria ‘Tulie’, 56Barros, Henrique, 32Basto, Armando, 42Basto, Bernadino ‘Baby’, 32Basto, Carlos Henrique ‘Henry’, 32Basto, Eduardo, 32Basto, Maude, 32Beaches, 47, 53Bela Vista Hotel, 36Bosanquet, David, 40Botelho, Henrique ‘Darkie’, 27Boundary Street, 48Braga, Jack, 37Braga, Jean, 29Braga, José Pedro, 49, 51Braga, Stuart, 29, 49British Army Aid Group (BAAG), 28, 30, 32Britto, Artur Henrique ‘Arthur’, 46Butterfield and Swire, 48CCafé Casanova, 39Caine Road, 19, 20Caixa Escolar, 46Canossa Hospital, 61Canossian Sisters, 20, 45Canton, 17, 18, 25Carchidi, Celanira Alice ‘Sally’ da Silva, 45Carneiro, Arturo ‘Art’, 37, 42Carvalho, Elsa, 43Carvalho, Gerry, 46Carvalho, Olga, 43Carvalho, Sebastian ‘Sebas’, 46Castle Peak Road, 53AAbraham, Freddie, 57Ah Ma, Chinese goddess, 17Airosa, Alberto, 42Airosa, Alexandre ‘Alex’, 42Alhambra Theatre, 54, 57Alonso, Irene, 43Alvares, Alfredo Victor ‘Al’, 37Alvares, José, 32Alves, Antonio ‘Tony’, 39Alves, Deolinda Savado, 37Alves, Eddie, 57Alves, Jack, 32Alves, José Maria ‘Billy’, 42Amahs, 24, 25, 47Amaral, Governor João Maria Ferreira do, 18Amateur Dramatic Group, 37Amoy, 25Angola, 25Aquino, Inio ‘Cha-cha’, 46Argyle Camp, 28, 46Argyle Street, 29, 40, 45, 46, 48Ashley Road, 23, 54Asilo for abandoned children, 37Austin Road, 23, 28, 30Azedo, Gabriel Dias, 61Azevedo, Carlos ‘Calau’, 46BBAAG. See British Army Aid GroupBank Flats, 23Baptista, Filomeno ‘Meno’, 45Baptista, Joaquim Zeferino, 20Baptista, Marciano António, 22Baptista, Marciano Francisco ‘Naneli’, 39, 40Baptista, Rev. Fr. Marciano, S.J., 61Barnes, Frank, 30Barreto, Afonso, 27
Index272 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IId’Almada Remedios, Roberto ‘Bob’, 30d’Almada Remedios, Susana Maria ‘Susie’, 61d’Almada, Dianne, 57d’Eça, Eulália, 37Daman, 25De La Salle Brothers, 20, 45Diu, 25Duddell Street, 62Dutch, 17EEast India Company, 18Ede Road, 24Elliot, Captain Charles, 18Emma Avenue, 23Endacott, George Beer, 19Escola de Refugiados, 37Ethnic clusters, 23FFall of Hong Kong, 1941, 19, 28Fanling, 27Fat Shan, M.V., 45Figueiredo, José Miguel ‘Josie’, 57Fonseca, Frankie, 57Fonseca, Johnny, 57Foochow. See FuzhouFranco, Frederico ‘Eco’, 46Fuzhou, 25GGamboa, Antónia Josefa de, 18Gascoigne Road, 30, 55Gingles, 55Glenealy (road in Hong Kong), 19, 20Goa, 17, 25, 30Gonçalves, Hermilio ‘Miro’, 61Gonsalves, Argentina de Freitas ‘Tina’, 34, 43Castro, Daniel, 45Catholic Cathedral, 19, 20, 22Causeway Bay, 45, 53Chatham Road, 22, 23, 30, 53, 55China Light and Power Company, 48, 49, 58Chungking, 40Church. See Names of churchesClarke, Betty, 43Cliff Road, 54Club de Recreio, 20, 30, 45-47, 53, 55, 56, 61Club Lusitano, 20, 27, 30, 32, 55, 56, 61-63Colégio D. Bosco, 46Colégio de São Luís Gonzaga, 37Collaço, Francisco Cecílio ‘Frankie’, 32College Road, 23, 24Conduit Road, 20Cooney, Fr. Albert, S.J., 37Correa, Bosco, 30Correa, Frank, 43Costa, Eddie, 57Costa, L., 42Couto, Arnaldo, 55Cox’s Road, 30Cumberland Road, 30Dd’Almada e Castro, Christopher Paulo ‘Bippo’, 27d’Almada e Castro, José Maria, 18d’Almada e Castro, Leonardo, 18d’Almada e Castro, Leonardo Horácio ‘Leo’, 34, 37, 43, 51d’Almada Remedios, Denis ‘Chappy’, 30d’Almada Remedios, Eduardo Alberto ‘Eddie’, 34d’Almada Remedios, Fernando Eduardo, 30, 32, 34d’Almada Remedios, Francisco Xavier ‘Paco’, 30, 32, 34d’Almada Remedios, Leonardo, 61d’Almada Remedios, Leonardo José ‘Leozinho’, 61d’Almada Remedios, Miguel Ângelo ‘Mickey’, 48d’Almada Remedios, Norma Áuria Rodrigues, 61Gonsalves, Henrique Francisco ‘Memie’, 42Gonsalves, João Baptista ‘John’, 42Gonsalves, Philomena, 43Gosano, Adelino Vitus ‘Lino’, 45Gosano, Avelina, 43Gosano, Belarmino Tomás ‘Bertie’, 45Gosano, Eduardo Liberato ‘Eddie’, 45Gosano, Germano Nicolau ‘Gerry’, 45Gosano, José Maria ‘Joe’, 42, 45Gosano, Luís Gonzaga ‘Luigi’, 45Gosano, Palmira ‘Pam’ Yvanovich, 37Granville Road, 30Grémio Militar, 36Guangzhou, 18, 25Gun Club Barracks, 30Guterres, Lionel, 45Gutierrez, Renaldo, 57HH.M.S. Parret, 42, 43Haddock, Joseph R., 28Hankow Road, 55Happy Valley, 34, 45, 53Harding, Al, 57Hillwood Road, 23Homantin Street, 32Homuntin, 22, 23, 29, 30, 33, 45Hong Kong, 17-20, 22-25, 27-30, 32-37, 40, 42-51, 53-55, 57-59, 61-65Hong Kong College of Medicine, 22Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 43Hong Kong Technical College, 48Hong Kong University, 58Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, 27, 37, 43, 44Hong Kong VolunteersNo. 6 Light Anti-Aircraft Company, 27Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 23, 32, 35, 44, 47-49, 57, 58
Index273THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIHumphreys Avenue, 55Hunghom, 48Hunting, 54Hyndman, Captain Henry, 18Hyndman, General Henry, 18Hyndman, Henrique, 18Hyndman, João José, 18IIce House Street, 20, 56Italian Convent, 20, 27Italian Convent School, 20JJapanese Occupation, 27, 30, 32, 35, 43, 50Jardine, Matheson & Company, 20, 40, 48Jordan Road, 23Jorge, Geraldine, 43Julia Avenue, 23KKadoorie Avenue, 47Kai Tak Airport, 30, 39Kempeitai, 28, 30, 32Khan, Sheik Kassim, 33King George V School (KG Five), 46King’s Park, 20, 30Korea, 25Kowloon, 20, 22-24, 28-30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40, 45-48, 53-55Kowloon City, 30Kowloon Cricket Club, 30Kowloontong, 22, 23, 30, 45, 47LLantau, 48Larcina, Arturo Maria, ‘Archer’, 23Lawrence, Wilfred, 32Leão, R., 42Liberty Avenue, 23Lin Tse-hsu, 18Lo, Sir Man-Kam, 43Lobo, Sir Roger Hyndman, 42, 44, 51, 61Luso Apartments, 23, 24Luz, Flavio da, 29Luz, Theresa Yvanovich da, 22, 27, 33, 36, 47MMacaense, 17, 55, 63Macaense food, 55Macau, 17, 18, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35-37, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 53-55, 57, 58, 61, 63, 64Macau Hockey Club, 42Malacca, 17Manchuria, 25Marques, Amália Brandão, 37Marques, Fernando, 42Maryknoll Sisters, 45Matauchung Camp, 45, 46Mato Morro, 19, 20, 22, 23, 45May, Hilda, 43McDonnell Road, 42McDougall, Michael, 48, 63McGrann, Maria da Conceição ‘Kimmy’ Barretto, 56Mongkok, 30Montalto de Jesus, C.A., 18Monteiro, John Jude ‘Johnny’, 61Morse, Sir Arthur, 23Motta, António José ‘Bobby’ da, 28Motta, José António ‘Spuddy’ da, 28Motta, Reinaldo Luís ‘Rennie’ da, 28Motta, Stella Maria Ozorio da, 28Movie theatres, 54Mozambique, 25Music, 57, 58NNanjing, 25Nathan Road, 20, 23, 30, 34, 37, 53-55, 57New Territories, 47, 48, 54New Year’s Eve Dance, 56Nightclubs, 53, 57Ningbo, 25Nolasco, João, 42Noronha, Delfino Joaquim de, 18, 20Nunes, Carmen, 40Nunes, Victor, 40OOpium, 17, 18Opium War, 17Order of the British Empire, 40, 51Orth, Eleanor Noronha, 64Osmund, Alícia Maria ‘Ali’, 30Osmund, Irene. See Ruiz, Irene OsmundOzorio, Horácio, 32, 37, 57Ozorio, Michael, 61PParret. See H.M.S. ParretPeace Avenue, 23Peak Reservation Ordinance, 22Peak, Hong Kong, 22Peninsula Hotel, 35, 55, 57Pereira, Marie, 43Pinna, Edna, 43Poirier, Eduardo ‘Ed’, 59Poirier, Mercia Silva, 45Portugal, 17, 25, 28, 50, 56, 64Portuguese Residents’ Association, 30, 32, 33Portuguese Staff Association, 24Pottinger Street, 20Prata, Manuel Gonzaga, 27Prince Edward Road, 22, 23, 29, 53, 55Prisoners of War, 27, 28, 35, 39, 40, 42-44, 46Pui Ching Middle School, 29Pui Ching Road, 29
Index274 THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIRecreio, Club de. See Club de RecreioRed Cross, 39Rediffusion, 56, 57Reed, Arthur, 27Reed, Edgar, 27Reed, Francis, 27Reed, Stephen, 27Reed, Willy, 45Reeves, John Pownall, 42Religious observance, 53, 55, 63Remedios, António Augusto ‘Junior’, 45Remedios, Bernadine d’Almada, 30Remedios, Fernando Eduardo, 32Remedios, Francisco Xavier ‘Paco’, 32Remédios, João Joaquim dos, 18Remedios, Johnny, 42Remedios, Miguel Ângelo ‘Mickey’, 42Remedios, Therese Maria d’Almada, 30Restaurants, 55Ribeiro, Robert, 61Ribeiro, ‘Luigi’. See Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Ritchie, Lourenço, 42Robinson Road, 19Rodrigues, Dr. Albert ‘Tito’, 61Rodrigues, Sheila, 37Rodrigues, Sir Albert, 42, 51, 61Roll of Honour, 28, 32Rosario, Cicero Laertius do, 40, 42Rosario, Marcos Castilho do, 18Rosario, Peter Norman, 32Rosary Church, Kowloon, 22, 23, 53, 55Roza, Edward da, 32Roza, Gustavo Uriel da, 62Roza, Marie, 43Roza, Mercedes, 43Rozario, Bobby, 57Ruiz, Irene Osmund, 30, 61SSacred Heart School, 20Sales, Arnaldo de Oliveira, 37, 51, 61Salesian Orphanage, 37Salisbury Avenue, 45Salisbury Road, 23Santos Fereira, José Inocêncio ‘Adé’, 42São Luís Gonzaga School, 46Sedan chair, 19, 20Sendai POW Camp, 27, 40, 42, 43Sequeira, Alfred, 57Sequeira, Augusto, 57Sequeira, Cassiano ‘Gussie’, 57Sequeira, Gumelsindo José ‘Guido’, 59Sequeira, Jorge, 61Sequeira, Lionel, 57Sequeira, Patrick Joseph,, 59Shanghai, 25, 46, 48, 50, 58Shantau, 25Shelley Street, 19, 20Shumshuipo Camp, 27, 30, 32, 37, 39, 40, 43, 46Silva, Arturo António ‘Archie’, 61Silva, Celanira Alícia ‘Sally’, 59Silva, Elsa da, 43Silva, Gloria Maria, 59Silva, Gustavo de Sales ‘Guta’, 42Silva, Henrique Álvaro ‘Hank’, 59Silva, Lionel Braz, 59Silva, Marcus da, 30, 32, 34Silva, Mercia Loretta, 59Silva, Olga Maria Vieira Ribeiro da, 56Silva, Renaldo ‘Ren’ da, 37Silva, Ricardo ‘Ric’, 59Singapore, 18, 28Smirke, Derek, 46Soares Avenue, 23Soares, Alfredo Francisco de Jesus, 18Soares, Emma, 23Soares, Francisco Paulo de Vasconcellos, 23Soares, Francisco Xavier, 49Soares, Henrique Álvaro, 42Soares, José Alexandre ‘Billy’, 35, 36, 49Soares, Julia, 23Soares, Mem Maria Alves de Vasconcellos, 43Solmar, 55Sousa, Gertrude ‘Tina’ de, 57Sousa, Luis ‘Luigi’, 32Sousa, Noreen, 61Sousa, Rodrigo ‘Rod’de, 46Sousae, Eddie, 61Souza, Henrique, 61St. Joseph’s College, 20St. Mary’s School, 30St. Saviour’s School, 20St. Teresa’s Church, 22, 53, 55Stanley Prison, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35Star Ferry, 30, 37, 48, 53Starlettes, 42Swatow. See ShantauTTak Hing Street, 23Tao Kwong, Emperor of China, 18Teatro Dom Pedro V, 36Teixeira, Gabriel, Governor of Macau, 36Third National Pass, 29, 30, See also Japanese OccupationTsimshatsui, 22, 23, 30, 32, 53, 54Tung Cheong Building, 23, 30, 32, 45Typhoon - 1874, 18UUnited States of America, 47, 57VVan Langenberg, Arthur, 61Varty, Corinne d’Almada Remedios, 61
Index275THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY IN HONG KONG A Pictorial History • Volume IIVendors, 25Victoria Recreation Club, 46Vieira Ribeiro, Luís Filipe ‘Luigi’, 39, 44WWanchai, 48, 57Waterloo Road, 22, 23, 29, 48, 53, 55Weddell, Captain John, 17Wong, George, 33, 34Wordie, Jason, 62Wyndham Street, 55XXavier, Albertina Garcia, 55Xavier, António Maria ‘Smoky’, 42Xavier, Rev. Fr. Lionel, O.P, 61Xiamen, 25YYaumati Government School, 54Yvanovich, Carlos ‘Calau’, 30, 33Yvanovich, Guilherme António ‘Avichi’, 32, 33Yvanovich, Laura Maria ‘Lolly’ or ‘Lolita’, 33, 43Yvanovich, Philippe ‘Pito’ Jr., 32, 39, 42Yvanovich, Philippe ‘Pito’, Sr., 32, 33Yvanovich, Theresa, 29
