澳門基金會報告ROADOFDEVELOPMENTFORMACAUHIGH-TECHINDUSTRY澳門高技術產業發展之路中國國家科委專家組執筆人：崔冠傑r..-~'4T-,1-----i'-~~.7

澳門高技術產業發展之路中國國家科委專家鈕執筆人崔冠傑澳門基金會出版一九九四年十月

且錄序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．吳志良~......月IJ§·····································································I弓l言········································································1第一章世界經濟科技發展的風風雨雨……......…....…..……2第一篩世界經濟發展格局......................................................2一、歐洲大陸正按歐洲聯盟的｀｀三個同心圓＂戰略，一步步艱難地走向一體化···················································4二、多極分布的亞太經濟圈短期內不會走向統一………………………4（一）以日本、亞洲｀｀四小龍"'中國和東盟爲主體的東亞經濟圈.....5（二）以經濟合作組織爲橋樑的中亞和西亞經濟圈……...…………5（三）以南亞區域合作聯盟爲紐帶的南亞經濟圈..………...……….5（四）以阿拉伯國家組成的伊斯蘭經濟圈……………………………6三、美洲大陸的一體化並不遙遠................................................6四、關係繁雜，難於走向一體化的非洲大陸…．．．．．．．．．．．．…···········....7五、向亞太靠攏的澳新自由貿易區.............................................7第二帥高技術給人類社會帶來的變化.......................................9一、科學技術的合作化和國際化···························.....................9（一）各國政府加強了與企業的合作·······································9（二）＂產、學、研＂走到一起，組成了戰略聯盟………………………9（三）跨國公司也開始組建｀｀聯合國軍"·································10（四）國際間雙邊合作開始向多邊合作和區域集團的合作推進•10（五）知識產權保護的呼聲也日盆強烈.................................10一、各產業之間的關聯度越來越大··································........10三、產品的生命周期日益縮短................................................11四、發展中國家向發達國家的｀｀高技術殖民地＂邁進………………...11五、生產力布局思想的革命...................................................12

六、從工業社會走向信息社會................................................13七、高智力資源落差日盆突出········································"······13八、經濟發展四要素的位移...................................................14（一）自然資源不再成爲決定因素.......................................14（二）資金可從國際資金市場獲取.......................................15（三）技術的反轉現象......................................................15（四）由尖端人才的競爭向高素質人力資源全面競爭的推進……16第三帥殘黠結諭..................................................................16一、澳門具有聯結東亞經濟圈和歐洲經濟區的特殊功能..…..…...17二、澳門是東亞經濟圈末來發展的重要增長極．．……………………·17三、澳門經濟的轉型可走一條新路..........................................18四、高技術產業的發展要加強國際間的橫向和縱向合作……………18第二章中國大陸改革開放對澳門的挑戰………………………19第一er中國的全方位針外開放格局··········································19一、沿海開放帶..................................................................19二、沿江開放帶..................................................................21三、沿邊開放帶··································································21四、沿新亞歐大陸橋開放帶...................................................22五、內陸省會、首府開放城市...................................................22第二帥中圈高技術注栄的空間布局走向····································25一、沿海開放帶的高技術產業走廊..........................................26（一）沈大高速公路高技術產業走廊...…..............................26（二）京津塘高速公路高技術產業帶．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．…..................26（三）環山東半島高技術產業帶..........................................27（四）滬寧高技術產業走廊................................................28（五）福泉廈高技術產業走廊·············································28（六）珠江三角洲高技術產業密集區……..............................28（七）環J七部灣工業走廊...................................................28二、沿江開放帶的高技術產業走廊··········································29（一）成渝工業走廊·························································29

（二）長江中游地區工業走廊·············································30三、沿邊開放帶的高技術產業走廊發展走向……………．．…...……·30（一）＂中國生物谷＇辶一－西雙版納生物技術密集區．……........30（二）＂中國稀土谷＂呼包新材料工業走廊……………………30四、沿新亞歐大陸橋開放帶的高技術產業走廊發展趨勢..…·…....31（一）連徐工業走廊·························································31（二）洛鄭汴高技術產業走廊·············································31（三）關中高技術產業走廊················································31第三節中圈而技術庄索開發區的發展模式和庄索特色·……·………·32一、高技術產業開發區發展的環境與條件…………………………...32（一）寬鬆優惠的政策環境，高效率亻憂質的管理服務…………·…..32（二）緊密依托高智力密集區.............................................32（三）多元化的融資渠道···················································33（四）高水平的基礎設施···················································33二、高技術產業開發區的類型················································33（一）依托智力密集型······················································33（二）依托工業基地型······················································34（三）依托交通樞紐城市型................................................34（四）高技術產業走廊······················································34三、中國主要地區高技術產業的產業結構特色………………………35（一）環渤海地區高技術產業的五大支柱…………………………35（二）長江三角洲地區高技術產業四大支柱…………………......36（三）珠江三角洲地區高技術產業的三大支柱……………………37四、北京、上海、廣東高技術產業發展目標規劃………………………37（一）才七京·····································································37（二）上海.....................................................................39（三）廣東·····································································40第四帥錢點結諭··································································45一、智力資源是依托，政府參與是保證......…..............................45二、弓丨全國人才，富地方經濟...................................................46三、發展中國家也能發展高技術產業·······································46

（三）食品生物技術·························································53三、材料技術·····································································53（一）電子材料技術·························································54（二）建築材料·······························································54四、環保技術·····································································54（一）廢物和污染處理和檢測設備·······································54（二）再生技術...............................................................54（三）零污染技術............................................................54第回帥士。何加快尚技術庄栄的生表··········································54一、成立專門政府機構，強化科技發展·······································55二、創辦孵化器，推進高技術在香港工業中的擴散和滲透…·……....55三、設立應用發展研究計劃，鼓勵企業技術開發………………………55四、積極改善發展科技的基礎設施，支援香港應用和發展科技……·55第四章澳門發展高技術產業的必要性·……·…………………·57第一帥澳門未來經濟支柱的王冠屬淤誰....................................59一、博彩業雖仍魅力不失，但需重新整容····································59（一）日趨激烈的競爭......................................................63（二）市場機遇尙存.........................................................64（三）希望之在是借助高技術，發展大旅遊…………………………64二、出口加工業要鞏固地位，應另辟新徑....................................65（一）優勢難以保持·························································65（二）利用高技術，解救出口加工業.......................................67三、喜憂兼有的房地產業......................................................67（一）澳門房地產業的喜...................................................69（二）澳門房地產業的憂···················································70c=)盅高技術相嫁接，追求新發展……………70四、方興未艾的金融業.........................................................71（一）澳門金融業的特徵···················································72（二）借香港之勢求自己發展.............................................74第二帥乘世界潮流，達新經濟支柱····························..............74

一、現有四大經濟支柱的持久需借高技術之力………………………74二、發展高技術產業，營造新經濟支柱是大勢所趨……………………75三、發展高技術產業是澳門整體發展的需求…………………..……·75四、他山之石，可以攻玉·························································76第五章澳門發展高技術產業的可行性…………………………77第一帥發展高技術產業的戟咯亻憂势..........................................77一、天時...........................................................................77二、地利·...........................................................................78（一）優越的區位····························································78（二）富有吸引力的自由港政策和侵惠的稅收信貸政策…........79(=::)完善和先進的基礎設施………·79（四）配套產業發逹.........................................................80（五）良好的社會文化環境················································80三、人和···········································································81第二帥發展高技術產索的不利因素··········································81一、高技術產業發展的六要素················································82二、澳門發展高技術產業的制約因素.......................................82（一）沒有發展高技術產業的技術依托……………………………82（二）工業對高技術的需求不迫切·······································83（三）相當部份的企業家對科技價值的認識仍存在誤區．….......83第六章澳門高技術產業領域的選擇……………………………85第一帥高技術產索的定義······················································85第二篩高技術產索的特征......................................................87一、資本密集·····································································88二、知識和技術的高度密集和快速更新．．．．．．．．．…························88三、人才密集.....................................................................88四、研究與開發經費的高投入················································88五、高效益和高效率····························································88

六、高風險和高競爭····························································89七、產品的高附加價值·························································89八、產業之間的高關聯度······················································89九、產品生命周期短，更新換代快·············································89十、少數大企業佔領國際市場................................................89十一、低污染，低能源需求，佔土地少·······································90系三帥選搭高技術產栄碩域的牟則··········································90一、巨大的市場需求............................................................90二、強有力的科技驅動·························································90三、寬鬆優惠的政策法律環境................................................91四、先進的基礎設施·······················00···································91五、相關產業的有力配合......................................................91六有助於澳門經濟的整體發展………………………91七、有利菸帶動科技的發展和高技術人才的培養……………………91八、有利於推進社會進步和安定.............................................91第四帥從甬大妍域入手，推進經涌林型····································92一、生物技術產業－一－澳門邁向21世紀的新興產業…．………93（一）競爭最激烈的產業領域.............................................93（二）最具市場魅力的產業領域··········································94（三）借中國大陸生物技術之力，造澳門新興產業……·……·…·96二、信息技術一使現有經濟支柱煥發活力…………………...……97（一）人機對話技術的產業化·············································97（二）通信技術的無線革命················································98（三）借信息技術之力，求四大經濟支柱之騰飛……………………98第七章澳門高技術產業發展模式和方案設計．…........101第一節生抽技術庄栄發展方案.............................................101一、生物技術產業的戰略定位................................................102（一）產業鏈中的定位......................................................102（二）科技鏈中的定位······················································102二、生物技術產業領域選擇•••••••••••••••••••00••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••102

（一）巨大的市場需求......................................................103（二）強有力的人才依托···;······..·······································104（三）有助於澳門各種戰略伋勢的充份發揮………………………104（四）有助於提高澳門的國際競爭力..................…...............105（五）有利於澳門的穩定與進步..........................................105三、產品開發方向遴選.........................................................105四、企業組織規模選擇.........................................................106五、產業發展空間布局和技術依托..........................................107（一）在澳門大學設立生物技術學院和生物技術國家實驗室······················································107（二）創辦澳門生物技術孵化器..........................................108（三）建設新興醫藥工業城和健康食品工業城………..………·…109六、市場選擇.....................................................................110第二帥信息技術產栄發展方案.............................................110一、信息技術產業的戰略定位................................................111二、信息技術產業發展方向選擇.............................................111（一）推廣應用以CIMS爲標誌的自動化技術，全面提高澳門出口加工工業的國際競爭力…………………111（二）推廣應用光機電一體化技術，重塑澳門博彩旅遊業，出口加工業和房地產業的風采....................................113（三）推廣應用計算機和軟件技術，推動澳門社會的信息化.........................................................115三、信息技術產業發展技術依托.............................................116（一）設立澳門生產力促進中心..........................................116（二）在澳門大學設立信息技術學院和信息技術國家實驗室................................................117四、產業空間布局和企業組織規模..........................................118第三帥高技術產業發展政茱環瑾建設....................................119一、人才培育和延攬政策......................................................119（一）人才培育...............................................................119（二）人才延攬·······························································120

（三）職業培訓丨...............................................................121（四）管理培訓1·······························································122一、金融政策支持·············································..................122（一）建立風險投資機制...................................................123（二）成立澳門高技術產業發展基金會............…..................123（三）提高利息補貼.........................................................123（四）提供政府經費補助...................................................123（五）設立澳門高技術產業發展計劃....................................123三、稅收政策支持...............................................................124................................................124（一）免徵所得補充稅5年（二）加速設備的折舊·········"···········································124（三）高技術企業投資研究與開發和人才培訓可抵減所得補免稅.............................................124（四）對高技術企業股票分紅所得免徵所得補免稅………………124四、科技管理體制...............................................................124回帥中國大陸的配合政策................................................125一、技術支援.....................................................................126二、人才支援.....................................................................127三、區域開發政策...............................................................127四、澳門中資企業的參與......................................................128五利用澳門，加強與歐洲族盟的關係....................................128茅五帥高技術產栄發展起步行對方案....................................129一、實施招商計劃、採購高技術成果.......................................129二、人才延攬計劃...............................................................130第八章21世紀的澳門...................................................131第一帥經涌埜榮...............................................................131一、將形成六大經濟支柱......................................................131（一）博彩旅遊業仍將領先................................................132（二）出口加工工業技術水平和產品附加價值將大幅度提高...................................................132

（三）生物技術產業將在2010年成爲澳門第一大產業．．．．…...132（四）信息技術在植根出口加工業和博彩旅遊業的基礎上，形成支柱型產業·······································132（五）澳門將成爲香港的衛星金融城....................................133（六）房地產業仍將經久不衰.............................................133二、工業產品結構將以最終產品和高附加價值產品爲主……………134三、經濟多元化基本完成......................................................134第二帥社會安定·············································--················134一、生態環境得到明顯改善，進入世界花園城市之列…………·…·134二、失業率將降低...............................................................135三、外籍移民的比例將有所增加.............................................135第三薛科技進步...............................................................135一、具有國際一流水準的、開放的研究基地…………………..…·…135二、澳門大學將成爲培育科技人才的重要基地·……....……………·135三、研究人員總量和質量均將有所提高······…..................…......136四、具有一定科技自立能力..................................,................136後記·················································································137附錄一．多目標決策方法在澳門科技發展報告書中的應用．………..138附錄二．澳門高技術產業發展基金會基本架構設計……………·…·152

澳門高技術產業發展之路中國國家科委專家紐崔冠傑執筆封面設計：陳繼春出版：澳門基金會排版：新藝電腦植字排版公司印刷：華輝印刷有限公司痊行：澳門文化廣場有限公司ISBN972-8147-10-4

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