CHAPTER TWO
The Portuguese Consulate-General at Shanghai
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PORTUGUESE CONSULATE-GENERAL
Following the Opium War, Shanghai became, according to the Unequal Treaties, a trading port opened to foreigners. It quickly out paced Canton, Foochow, Amoy and Ningpo as the most important one of the open cities. On December 1, 1842, George Balfour had been appointed as the first British Consul at Shanghai. The governor of Shanghai, Gong Mujin, issued a formal decree on September 24, 1846, which formally marked off the British Settlement, which later became known as the British Concession. The British Consulate was upgraded to a General-Consulate level in 1887.
The American Consulate in the city was established in July, 1846, and the American merchant Henry G. Wolcott had been appointed Acting Consul. By 1852 the American Settlement was being formed , and in 1859 the American Consul forwarded to Ch’ing authorities the plan for the size of the American Settlement, which the Chinese accepted. On December 6, 1863, George F. Seward had been appointed as the first American Consul-General at Shanghai.
In January 1847 the French Government had appointed L.C.N.M. Montigny as its first Consul in Shanghai. Two years later the French Concession had been established. In 1852 four additional countries, Germany, Austria, Spain, and the Netherlands, opened Consulates-General in the city, followed by Denmark in 1855, Belgium and Sweden in 1863, Italy in 1867, and Japan in 1872.
In the first years after the opening of Shanghai, many foreign merchants held a concurrent post of foreign consul. Often countries such as Portugal, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Norway, which had not established diplomatic relations with the Ch’ing Government, appointed British or American merchants as their Consul in Shanghai. And some of those so-called "Consulates" were located in the buildings of the foreign trade companies on the Bund, the name given to the street along the waterfront of the city. For example, in September 1853, the famous British merchant, T. C. Beale, had been appointed as the first Portuguese Consul at Shanghai. At the same time, he was the Dutch Vice-Consul and the Prussian Acting Consul. The Portuguese Consulate was located in his own trading company, Dent, Beale & Co. In 1857, Edward Web assumed in charge of the Portuguese Consulate at Shanghai.
The Constable of the Portuguese Consulate in 1860 was F. A. Santos, followed in 1861 by F. L. Monteiro. The first Chancellor was L. A. Tavares, who assumed the post in 1863.
In 1862, Henry W. Dent had been appointed as Portuguese Consul at Shanghai then raised to Portuguese Consul-General for China and Japan in 1866. H. P. Hanssen was Vice-Consul, L. A. Tavares was the Chancellor and F.L. Monteiro was Constable.
The British merchant H. P. Hansen had been appointed in 1868 as Acting Consul-General for Portugal at Shanghai, while L. A. Tavares was still Chancellor and F.L. Monteiro Constable.
In June, 1874, A. H. de Carvalho had been appointed as Consul-in-Charge and was soon raised to Consul-General-in-Charge. H.A. Pereira was Interpreter. Thereafter, all the Consuls and Consuls-General were Portuguese citizens and not foreign merchants.
THE PERSONNEL OF THE PORTUGUESE CONSULATE-GENERAL
From the 1880s, the members of the Portuguese Consulate-General at Shanghai were as follows:
1880: Consul-General A.F. Pinto Bastos 1884: Consul-General J.J. Coelho de Carvalho Acting Consul-General Leoncio Ferreira Chancellor F.M. d'Oliviera 1885: Consul-General J.J. Coelho de Carvalho Chancellor F.M. d'Oliviera Interpreter H.A. Pereira 1886: Consul-General J.J. Coelho de Carvalho Chancellor G. Vigna dal Ferro Interpreter H.A. Pereira Clerk C.M. de Silva Chinese Secretary Yu Cha-yung 1887: Consul-General Joaquim M.T. Valdez 1893: Consul-General Joaquim M.T. Valdez Vice-Consul A. Bottu (Honorary) Chancellor-Interpreter C.A.R. d'Assumpcao Interpreter H.A. Pereira Clerk J.J. d'Andrade Chinese Secretary Pu Pak-kuei 1897: Consul-General Joaquim M.T. Valdez Vice-Consul and Acting Consul-General A. Bottu Interpreter and Assessor at Mixed Court H.A. Pereira Clerk J.J. d'Andrade Clerk A.P. Senna 1899: Consul-General Joaquim M.T. Valdez Vice-Consul A. Bottu Interpreter and Assessor at Mixed Court H.A. Pereira Clerk J.J. d'Andrade 1901: Consul-General Joaquim M.T. Valdez Vice-Consul A.R. Bottu Deputy Interpreter of the Senior Consulship and Assessor A.O. Marques Interpreter and Assessor H.A. Pereira Acting Chancellor J.J. Andrade Chinese Secretary Woo, Pa-kuei 1902: Consul-General O.G. Portier 1903: Consul-General O.G. Portier Vice-Consul A.R. Bottu Interpreter and Assessor H.A. Pereira Acting Chancellor J.J. Andrade Clerk C.M. Goularte Chinese Secretary Woo Pa-kwei 1905: Consul-General L.F. de Castro Interpreter and Assessor J.F. Chagas Acting Chancellor A.R.L. Madeira Chinese Secretary Woo Pa-kwei 1906: Consul-General O.G. Portier 1909: Acting Vice-Consul-in-Charge, Consulate-General for Portugal O.G. Portier 1911: Consul-General O.G. Portier Acting Consul-General J.F. das Chargas Interpreter H.A. Pereira Acting Chancellor A.L. Madeira Consul-General Freitas, Gast_o Barjona de 1916: Consul-General Jorge Cesar Roza de Oliveira Vice Consul-Assessor A.M. da Silva Chancellor A.L. Madeira Clerk F.F. Maher Chinese Interpreter S.P. Hs_ch 1920: Vice Consul-in-Charge, Consulate-General A.M. da Silva Chancellor A.L. Madeira Clerk L.M. Perpetuo Chinese Interpreter Do Chin-seng 1920: Consul-General Alfredo Casanova 1924: Consul-General and Consular Judge Alfredo Casanova Vice-Consul Joao H. Botelho Chancellor A.L. Madeira Assessor and Interpreter F.R. de Carvalho Clerk A.H. de Carvalho Interpreter F.A. Alvares Advocate J.M. Tavares Advocate D. Corte Real 1925: Consul-General Francisco de Paula Brito 1928: Consul-General and Consular Judge Francisco de Paula Brito Vice-Consul and Assessor J.H. Botelho Chancellor Augusto S. Braga Secretary Chagas Foles Silva Clerk Jose Joao da Silva Chinese Secretary Doo Chin-seng 1931: Vice Consul-in-Charge, Consulate-General Joao H. Botelho 1931: Consul-General Dr. J.B. Ferreira da Silva 1932: Consul-General and Consular Judge Dr. J.B. Ferreira da Silva Vice-Consul Joao H. Botelho Chancellor Augusto S. Braga Secretary Chagas Foles Silva 1933: Consul-General and Consular Judge Dr. J.B. Ferreira da Silva Chancellor Augusto S. Braga Assistant M.P. Campus Clerk J.J. Silva Chinese Secretary Doo Chin-seng 1934: Chancellor-in-Charge, Consulate-General Augusto S. Braga Consul-General Dr. Antonio Jose Alves, Jr. 1936: Consul-General and Consular Judge Dr. A. J. Alves Assistant Consul A. de Sacramento Monteiro Vice-Consul (Honorary) Capt. A. Alves Lirco Chancellor Augusto S. Braga Clerk J.J. Silva Clerk A.R. Xavier Chinese Secretary Doo Chin-seng 1938: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Legation of Portugal Dr. Joao de Lebre Zima Secretary Dr. A.C. de Liz Branquinho Interpreter J.F. das Chagas 1939: Consul-General J.A. Ribeiro de Melo 1941: Consul-General and Consular Judge J.A. Ribeiro de Melo Consul and Public Prosecutor J.F. Teixeira Vice-Consul (Honorary) A.A. Lico Chancellor Augusto S. Braga Secretary of the Court C.J. da Silva Secretary of the Consulate A.R. Xavier Assistant J.J. da Silva Assistant J.W. dos Remedios Typist Miss D. Botelho Chinese Secretary Doo Chin-seng 1947: Acting Consul-General Antonio Alves Lico Chancellor Augusto de Sousa Braga Clerk Carlos Jacinto Machado Clerk Carlos Antonio Diniz Clerk Jose Joao de Silva Chinese Interpreter Doo Chin-seng
LOCATIONS OF THE PORTUGUESE CONSULATE-GENERAL
1875 No. 38, Kiangse Road 1893 No. 60, Quinsan Road 1897 No. 6, North Szechuan Road 1903 No. 38, Haskell Road 1907 No. 18, Love Lane, Bubbling Well Road 1911 No. 12, Ferry Road 1918 No. 108, Bubbling Well Road 1922 No. 6, Weihaiwei Road 1929 Nos. 301-305, Sassoon House, Nanking Road 1931 No. 2, Canton Road (Temporary) 1931 No. 1050, Rue Lafayette 1938 No. 15, Route Francis Garnier 1941 Nos. 242-245, Sasson House, Nanking Road 1942 No. 788, Rue Bourgeat